Amphotericin forms an extramembranous and fungicidal sterol sponge.

Amphotericin forms an extramembranous and fungicidal sterol sponge.
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DOI:
10.1038/nchembio.1496
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发表时间:
2014-05
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Burke MD
Burke MD
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anderson TM;Clay MC;Cioffi AG;Diaz KA;Hisao GS;Tuttle MD;Nieuwkoop AJ;Comellas G;Maryum N;Wang S;Uno BE;Wildeman EL;Gonen T;Rienstra CM;Burke MD

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50多年来,两性霉素一直是治疗人类危及生命的真菌感染的强大但剧毒的最后一道防线,微生物耐药性的发展最小。因此,了解这种小分子是如何杀死酵母的,对于指导具有改善治疗指数的衍生物和其他耐药抗菌剂的开发至关重要。在被广泛接受的杀细胞作用机制离子通道模型中,两性霉素在脂双层内形成聚集体,渗透并杀死细胞。相反,我们报道两性霉素主要以大的膜外聚集体的形式存在,这种聚集体通过从脂质双层中提取麦角固醇来杀死酵母。这些发现揭示了多功能脂质的提取是两性霉素耐药抗菌作用的基础,并为分离其杀细胞和透膜活性提供了路线图。这一新的机理认识也指导着两性霉素第一代衍生物的开发,这种衍生物可以杀死酵母,但不能杀死人类细胞。
Amphotericin has remained the powerful but highly toxic last line of defense in treating life-threatening fungal infections in humans for over 50 years with minimal development of microbial resistance. Understanding how this small molecule kills yeast is thus critical for guiding development of derivatives with an improved therapeutic index and other resistance-refractory antimicrobial agents. In the widely accepted ion channel model for its mechanism of cytocidal action, amphotericin forms aggregates inside lipid bilayers that permeabilize and kill cells. In contrast, we report that amphotericin exists primarily in the form of large, extramembranous aggregates that kill yeast by extracting ergosterol from lipid bilayers. These findings reveal that extraction of a polyfunctional lipid underlies the resistance-refractory antimicrobial action of amphotericin and suggests a roadmap for separating its cytocidal and membrane-permeabilizing activities. This new mechanistic understanding is also guiding development of the first derivatives of amphotericin that kill yeast but not human cells.
麦角固醇促进交配酵母中的信息素信号传导和质膜融合。
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