RST-invariant digital image watermarking based on log-polar mapping and phase correlation
RST-invariant digital image watermarking based on log-polar mapping and phase correlation
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DOI：
10.1109/tcsvt.2003.815959
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发表时间：
2003-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Zheng;Jiying Zhao;Abdulmotaleb El Saddik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Zheng;Jiying Zhao;Abdulmotaleb El Saddik
基于对数极坐标映射（LPM）和相位相关，本文提出了一种新颖的旋转、缩放和平移（RST）不变的数字图像水印方案。我们将水印嵌入到原始图像的傅里叶幅度谱的LPM中，并利用原始图像的LPM和水印图像的LPM之间的相位相关性来计算水印位置在LPM域中的位移。该方案通过避免计算逆对数极坐标映射（ILPM）来保持图像质量，并通过使用相位相关来为无水印图像产生较小的相关系数以避免穷举搜索。评估结果表明，该方案对于旋转和平移具有不变性，在合理的尺度范围内对于缩放具有不变性，并且对于JPEG压缩具有很强的鲁棒性。
Based on log-polar mapping (LPM) and phase correlation, the paper presents a novel digital image watermarking scheme that is invariant to rotation, scaling, and translation (RST). We embed a watermark in the LPMs of the Fourier magnitude spectrum of an original image, and use the phase correlation between the LPM of the original image and the LPM of the watermarked image to calculate the displacement of watermark positions in the LPM domain. The scheme preserves the image quality by avoiding computing the inverse log-polar mapping (ILPM), and produces smaller correlation coefficients for unwatermarked images by using phase correlation to avoid exhaustive search. The evaluations demonstrate that the scheme is invariant to rotation and translation, invariant to scaling when the scale is in a reasonable range, and very robust to JPEG compression.