An ecological assessment of transgenic crops
An ecological assessment of transgenic crops
复制标题
转基因作物的生态评估
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Devare
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Thies;M. Devare
自1994年转基因作物首次商业化发布以来，全球转基因作物种植面积已扩大到9000多万公顷，21个国家约850万农民种植转基因作物。公众的忧虑情绪迅速上升。关注的问题包括：(i)基因流入野生植物种群或土壤生物的可能性；（ii）对非目标生物的不利影响；（三）基因产物或作物残余物在环境中持续存在并具有有害影响，对于杀虫作物；（iv）目标害虫种群产生抗药性。许多关于转基因作物环境风险的研究已经发表。基因流向作物的野生近缘品种已经在田间得到证实；因此，这些作物的使用仅限于野生近缘种不特有的地区。基因流向土壤生物还没有在田间条件下得到证实，而且考虑到所采取的保障措施，这种情况不太可能发生，但并非不可能。证据的权重表明，对非目标土壤生物的风险很小，但据报道，在某些系统中使用杀虫作物会减少非目标有益昆虫的数量。与使用化学农药相比，使用杀虫作物对非目标昆虫的种群影响要小得多，而且尚未确定在这些种植系统中观察到的种群变化是否具有生态意义。目标害虫对杀虫作物的抗性是可能的，而且最终是可能的，但是经过近十年的使用后，尚未在田间条件下检测到。一些减少潜在生态影响的战略正在制定或即将发布。讨论了正在开发的新技术所造成的生态风险以及进行国内风险评估和释放后监测的必要性。
Abstract Since the first commercial release of a transgenic crop in 1994, the land area planted to these crops has expanded to over 90 million ha worldwide, with approximately 8.5 million farmers in 21 countries cultivating transgenic crops. Public apprehension has mounted apace. Concerns include: (i) the potential for gene flow into wild plant populations or soil organisms; (ii) adverse effects on non-target organisms; (iii) gene products or crop residues persisting in the environment with deleterious effects and, for insecticidal crops; (iv) resistance developing in target pest populations. Numerous studies on the environmental risks of transgenic crops are published. Gene flow to a crop's wild relatives has been demonstrated in the field; hence, the use of these crops is restricted to regions where wild relatives are not endemic. Gene flow to soil organisms is yet to be demonstrated under field conditions and is unlikely given the safeguards employed, but not impossible. The weight of the evidence suggests that there is little risk to non-target soil organisms, but reduced numbers of non-target beneficial insects have been reported with the use of insecticidal crops in some systems. Population effects on non-target insects associated with the use of insecticidal crops are significantly less extensive than those experienced using chemical pesticides, and it has yet to be determined if observed population changes are ecologically significant in these cropping systems. Resistance of target pests to insecticidal crops is possible and eventually likely, but after nearly a decade of use has yet to be detected under field conditions. Several strategies to reduce potential ecological impacts are either under development or near release. Ecological risks posed by new technologies under development and the need for in-country risk assessment and post-release monitoring are discussed.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.8.3358
发表时间：
1995-04-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
THANAVALA, Y;YANG, YF;ARNTZEN, C
通讯作者：
ARNTZEN, C