Perspectives on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and their derivates as potential therapies for lung damage caused by COVID-19.
Perspectives on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and their derivates as potential therapies for lung damage caused by COVID-19.
复制标题
DOI：
10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1013
复制
发表时间：
2020-09-26
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Klimczak A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klimczak A
2019年12月在中国武汉出现的新型冠状病毒--严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）已达到全球大流行的程度，导致2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。COVID-19的临床表现从无症状的病程到急性呼吸窘迫综合征和严重肺炎的临床症状各不相同。肺是受SARS-CoV-2影响的主要器官，更新非常缓慢。SARS-CoV-2通过血管紧张素转换酶2受体进入肺部，诱导免疫应答，免疫活性细胞聚集，引起细胞因子风暴，导致靶器官损伤和随后的功能障碍。到目前为止，对于COVID-19患者还没有有效的抗病毒治疗，治疗策略是基于治疗先前识别的冠状病毒的经验。在寻找新的COVID-19治疗模式时，使用间充质干细胞（MSC）和/或其分泌组（如可溶性生物活性因子和细胞外囊泡）的基于细胞的治疗被认为是重症患者的支持性治疗。多能间充质干细胞能够分化成不同类型的间充质来源的细胞，包括肺泡上皮细胞、肺上皮细胞和血管内皮细胞，这些细胞在COVID-19疾病过程中受到严重损伤。此外，MSC分泌多种生物活性因子，由于其营养、抗炎、免疫调节、抗凋亡、促再生和促血管生成特性，这些生物活性因子可用于COVID-19患者的呼吸道再生。
The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has reached worldwide pandemic proportions, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary from an asymptomatic disease course to clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe pneumonia. The lungs are the primary organ affected by SARS-CoV-2, with a very slow turnover for renewal. SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and induces an immune response with the accumulation of immunocompetent cells, causing a cytokine storm, which leads to target organ injury and subsequent dysfunction. To date, there is no effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19 patients, and therapeutic strategies are based on experience treating previously recognized coronaviruses. In search of new treatment modalities of COVID-19, cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or their secretome, such as soluble bioactive factors and extracellular vesicles, is considered supportive therapy for critically ill patients. Multipotent MSCs are able to differentiate into different types of cells of mesenchymal origin, including alveolar epithelial cells, lung epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells, which are severely damaged in the course of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, MSCs secrete a variety of bioactive factors that can be applied for respiratory tract regeneration in COVID-19 patients thanks to their trophic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-regenerative, and proangiogenic properties.