Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans.
Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans.
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DOI：
10.1210/endo.141.11.7757
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发表时间：
2000-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Y. Date;M. Kojima;H. Hosoda;A. Sawaguchi;M. S. Mondal;T. Suganuma;S. Matsukura;K. Kangawa;M. Naka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Date;M. Kojima;H. Hosoda;A. Sawaguchi;M. S. Mondal;T. Suganuma;S. Matsukura;K. Kangawa;M. Naka
胃饥饿素（Ghrelin）是近年来从大鼠胃中分离到的一种新型gh释放酰化肽。它通过促生长激素受体（GHS-R）刺激垂体前叶释放生长激素。胃饥饿素信使RNA和肽存在于大鼠胃中，但其细胞来源尚未确定。利用针对大鼠胃饥饿素N端和c端的两种不同抗体，通过光镜和电镜免疫组织化学以及原位杂交结合免疫组织化学方法，鉴定了大鼠和人胃肠道中产生胃饥饿素的细胞。ghrelin免疫反应细胞不是肠色素样细胞、D细胞或肠色素细胞，约占大鼠和人氧合腺内分泌细胞群的20%。大鼠胃饥饿素存在于圆形、致密、电子致密的颗粒中，与X/ a样细胞相容，其激素产物和生理功能先前尚未阐明。生长素产生细胞（Gr细胞）的定位、群体和超微结构特征表明它们是X/ a样细胞。在大鼠和人的肠内分泌细胞中也发现了胃饥饿素。利用对胃饥饿素N端和c端区域的两个ria，我们测定了其在大鼠胃肠道中的含量。大鼠胃促生长素从胃到结肠都存在，胃底的含量最高。在这些器官中也发现了ghrelin和GHS-R的信使rna。Ghrelin可能不仅控制生长激素的分泌，还参与调节消化系统的多种过程。我们的发现为这种新型胃肠激素的其他尚未定义的生理功能提供了线索。
Ghrelin, a novel GH-releasing acylated peptide, was recently isolated from rat stomach. It stimulated the release of GH from the anterior pituitary through the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin messenger RNA and the peptide are present in rat stomach, but its cellular source has yet to be determined. Using two different antibodies against the N- and C-terminal regions of rat ghrelin, we identified ghrelin-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry. Ghrelin-immunoreactive cells, which are not enterochromaffin-like cells, D cells, or enterochromaffin cells, accounted for about 20% of the endocrine cell population in rat and human oxyntic glands. Rat ghrelin was present in round, compact, electron-dense granules compatible with those of X/A-like cells whose hormonal product and physiological functions have not previously been clarified. The localization, population, and ultrastructural features of ghrelin-producing cells (Gr cells) indicate that they are X/A-like cells. Ghrelin also was found in enteric endocrine cells of rats and humans. Using two RIAs for the N- and C-terminal regions of ghrelin, we determined its content in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Rat ghrelin was present from the stomach to the colon, with the highest content being in the gastric fundus. Messenger RNAs of ghrelin and GHS-R also were found in these organs. Ghrelin probably functions not only in the control of GH secretion, but also in the regulation of diverse processes of the digestive system. Our findings provide clues to additional, as yet undefined, physiological functions of this novel gastrointestinal hormone.