Common cold among pre-school children in China - associations with ambient PM10 and dampness, mould, cats, dogs, rats and cockroaches in the home environment.
Common cold among pre-school children in China - associations with ambient PM10 and dampness, mould, cats, dogs, rats and cockroaches in the home environment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.015
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
D. Norbäck;Chan Lu;Yinping Zhang;Baizhan Li;Zhuohui Zhao;Chen Huang;Xin Zhang;Hua Qian;J. S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Norbäck;Chan Lu;Yinping Zhang;Baizhan Li;Zhuohui Zhao;Chen Huang;Xin Zhang;Hua Qian;J. S
研究背景有证据表明潮湿、霉菌和蟑螂会增加儿童呼吸道感染的风险，但国内关于这一主题的研究很少。（潮湿、霉菌、猫、狗、老鼠、蟑螂）、清洁习惯和感冒的发生率。（n = 39，782）从中国7个城市随机选择的日托中心招募。通过家长问卷调查评估了普通感冒和产前和产后暴露于潮湿、霉菌、冬季窗玻璃冷凝物（WPC）、猫、狗、蟑螂和大鼠的数据。在城市水平上评估了年环境温度和PM10的数据。采用多水平Logistic回归分析方法，计算过去一年中感冒次数多（> 5次/年）和感冒持续时间长（≥ 2周）与暴露量的关系。出生时暴露于霉菌（OR = 1.38，95%CI 1.24-1.53）和WPC（OR 1.23，95%CI 1.13-1.33）与频繁的普通感冒有关。出生时接触狗与长时间的普通感冒有关。(OR= 1.22，95% CI 1.06-1.41）。当前家中暴露于霉菌（OR = 1.36，95%CI 1.22-1.54）、WPC（OR = 1.27，95%CI 1.17-1.39）和漏水（OR = 1.34，95%CI 1.20-1.49）与频繁的普通感冒相关。蟑螂的存在与感冒的高发呈正相关（OR = 1.12，95% CI 1.02-1.24），而老鼠的存在与感冒的高发呈负相关（OR = 0.86，95% CI 0.77-0.96）。日常清洁与频繁感冒呈负相关（OR = 0.89，95%CI 0.81-0.97）。霉菌、木塑复合材料、蟑螂和老鼠也存在类似的长期关联。城市水平的环境PM10（OR = 1.21，95%CI 1.21-1.35/10 μg/m3）和温度（OR = 1.13，95%CI 1.06-1.35 °C）与普通感冒的高频率相关。养猫与感冒高发之间的联系仅在中国南方发现。在中国北方，与蟑螂的关联性较强。结论室内霉菌、水损害、窗玻璃结露、蟑螂、养猫狗等可能是普通感冒的危险因素，而日常清洁是保护因素。PM10和温暖的气候区可能是普通感冒的其他危险因素。
BackgroundThere is some evidence that dampness, mould and cockroaches can increase the risk of respiratory infections in children but few studies exist from China on this topic.AimTo study associations between domestic early life exposure to biological indoor factors (dampness, mould, cats, dogs, rats, cockroaches), cleaning habits and common cold among pre-school children across China.MethodsChildren aged 3–6 years (n = 39,782) were recruited from randomly selected day care centres in seven cities in China. Data on common cold and prenatal and postnatal exposure to dampness, mould, windowpane condensation in wintertime (WPC), cats, dogs, cockroaches and rats were assessed by a parentally administered questionnaire. Data on annual ambient temperature and PM10was assessed on city level. Associations between high frequency (> 5 colds per year) and long duration (≥ 2 weeks) of common colds in the past year and exposure were calculated by multilevel logistic regression.ResultsA total of 9.2% had a high frequency and 11.9% had long duration of common cold. Exposure to mould (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.24–1.53) and WPC (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.13–1.33) at birth was associated with frequent common cold. Exposure to dogs at birth was associated with long duration of common cold. (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.41). Exposure to mould (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.54), WPC (OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.17–1.39) and water leakage (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.20–1.49) in the current home was associated with frequent common cold. Presence of cockroaches were positively (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.24) and presence of rats (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96) negatively associated with high frequency of common cold. Daily cleaning was negatively associated with frequent common cold (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.97). Similar associations for mould, WPC, cockroaches and rats were found for long duration. Ambient PM10(OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.21–1.35 per 10 μg/m3) and temperature (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.35 °C) on city level were associated with high frequency of common cold. Associations between cat keeping and high frequency of common cold were found only in southern China. Associations with cockroaches were stronger in northern China. Associations with dampness and mould were the same in the north and south.ConclusionsIndoor mould, water damage, windowpane condensation, cockroaches and keeping cats or dogs as pets can be risk factors for common cold while daily cleaning can be protective factor. PM10and a warmer climate zone can be other risk factors for common cold.