The effect of landscape heterogeneity and host movement on a tick-borne pathogen
The effect of landscape heterogeneity and host movement on a tick-borne pathogen
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DOI：
10.1007/s12080-010-0087-8
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Gilbert, Lucy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Edward O.;Webb, Steven D.;Gilbert, Lucy
景观异质性有助于确定当地疾病风险、病原体持续存在和传播。这是因为不同的景观特征，如生境类型，决定了宿主和病原体媒介的丰度和空间分布。因此，疾病的流行和分布与利用不同生境的宿主和病媒有着内在联系。本文建立了一种简化的蜱传病毒与红松鸡（Lagopus Lagopus scoticus）系统的反应扩散模型，探讨了蜱传病原体的发生以及宿主运动和景观结构的影响。蜱（Ixodes ricinus）是病毒的载体，通过病毒无能的蜱宿主马鹿（Cervus elephus）在不同的栖息地之间传播，而病毒只感染红松鸡。我们研究了鹿在不同生境（森林和沼地）之间的迁移如何影响蜱的分布，从而影响感染蜱和松鸡的流行，从而影响栖息地大小比和破碎化对感染的影响。当栖息地类型在病原体载体的生存中起作用时，我们证明了栖息地碎片化可以对感染产生相当大的影响。这些结果强调了在预测特定地点的疾病风险时，景观异质性以及邻近栖息地的接近性和大小的重要性。此外，该模型可能对具有多面手媒介的其他病原体系统有用，并可能为包含宿主运动的可能疾病管理策略的政策提供信息。
Landscape heterogeneity can be instrumental in determining local disease risk, pathogen persistence and spread. This is because different landscape features such as habitat type determine the abundance and spatial distributions of hosts and pathogen vectors. Therefore, disease prevalence and distribution are intrinsically linked to the hosts and vectors that utilise the different habitats. Here, we develop a simplified reaction diffusion model of the louping-ill virus and red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) system to investigate the occurrence of a tick-borne pathogen and the effect of host movement and landscape structure. Ticks (Ixodes ricinus), the virus-vector, are dispersed by a virally incompetent tick host, red deer (Cervus elephus), between different habitats, whilst the virus infects only red grouse. We investigated how deer movement between different habitats (forest and moorland) affected tick distribution and hence prevalence of infected ticks and grouse and hence, the effect of habitat size ratio and fragmentation on infection. When habitat type has a role in the survival of the pathogen vector, we demonstrated that habitat fragmentation can have a considerable effect on infection. These results highlight the importance of landscape heterogeneity and the proximity and size of adjacent habitats when predicting disease risk in a particular location. In addition, this model could be useful for other pathogen systems with generalist vectors and may inform policy on possible disease management strategies that incorporate host movements.