The promise of common pool resource theory and the reality of commons projects
The promise of common pool resource theory and the reality of commons projects
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DOI：
10.18352/ijc.477
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fred P. Saunders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fred P. Saunders
公共项目，例如基于社区的自然资源管理，具有广泛的吸引力，这使他们能够摆脱实践中参差不齐的表现。本文讨论了公共池资源（CPR）理论的理论假设如何无意中导致了公共项目未实现的期望。本文认为，CPR 设计原则中包含的个体“理性资源使用者”努力为公共项目中当地规范、价值观和利益的有意义考虑提供明确的方向。 CPR 理论对效率和功能的关注导致公地项目倾向于忽视当地条件是如何通过多种尺度的关系形成的。通常，政治上复杂且不断变化的关系被简化为基于“理性资源使用者的激励和抑制”的制度设计问题。推论是，CPR 理论过度简化了它寻求改变的项目背景，因为它很少或根本没有提供处理资源使用的社会嵌入性或不同分层的影响的方向。
Commons projects, such as community-based natural resource management, have widespread appeal, which has enabled them to shrug off a mixed performance in practice. This paper discusses how the theoretical assumptions of common pool resource (CPR) theory may have inadvertently contributed to the unfulfilled expectations of commons projects. The paper argues that the individual ‘rational resource user’, encapsulated in the CPR design principles, struggles to provide clear direction for meaningful consideration of local norms, values and interests in commons projects. The focus of CPR theory on efficiency and functionality results in a tendency in commons projects to overlook how local conditions are forged through relations at multiple scales. Commonly politically complex and changing relations are reduced to institutional design problems based on deriving the incentives and disincentives of ‘rational resource users. The corollary is that CPR theory oversimplifies the project context that it is seeking to change because it offers little or no direction to deal with the social embeddedness of resource use or implications of different stratifications.