Acute Oak Decline and Agrilus biguttatus: The Co-Occurrence of Stem Bleeding and D-Shaped Emergence Holes in Great Britain
Acute Oak Decline and Agrilus biguttatus: The Co-Occurrence of Stem Bleeding and D-Shaped Emergence Holes in Great Britain
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DOI：
10.3390/f8030087
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Denman, Sandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Nathan;Jeger, Mike;Denman, Sandra
急性橡树衰退症(AOD)是一种新的疾病，影响着英国本土橡树种--栓皮栎和栓皮栎。下降的特征是一组独特的外部可见的树干症状；在树皮内部的坏死灶上方发现树皮裂缝，“哭泣”黑色渗出物。在受影响的林地里，经常可以在橡树的树干上看到金龟子的羽化洞。这项调查评估了这两种病原体的外部症状共同出现的程度，并揭示了受影响林地存在的空间和时间模式。对8个受影响林地的年度监测显示，同一棵树经常出现树干出血和出苗洞，当树木已经有树干出血时，更有可能出现新的出苗洞。用彩色棱镜捕捉器进行的试验证实，在所有的实验地点都出现了大斑潜蝇。甲虫的出现主要与几棵严重衰退的树木有关，这表明不同的宿主对甲虫的易感性可能不同，那些健康状况较差的人可能容易患AOD。树干出血发生在离有出口孔的树很近的地方。
Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a new condition affecting both species of native oak, Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, in Great Britain. The decline is characterised by a distinctive set of externally visible stem symptoms; bark cracks that "weep" dark exudate are found above necrotic lesions in the inner bark. Emergence holes of the buprestid beetle, Agrilus biguttatus are often also seen on the stems of oak within affected woodlands. This investigation assesses the extent to which the external symptoms of these two agents co-occur and reveals the spatial and temporal patterns present in affected woodland. Annual monitoring in eight affected woodlands showed that stem bleeding and emergence holes frequently occur on the same trees, with new emergence holes significantly more likely to occur when trees already have stem bleeds. Trials with coloured prism traps confirm A. biguttatus was present at all experimental sites. Beetle emergence is linked primarily to a few heavily declining trees, indicating that susceptibility may vary between hosts and that those with reduced health may be predisposed to AOD. Stem bleeds occur on trees in close proximity to the locations of trees with exit holes.