Anatomy of a basaltic volcano
Anatomy of a basaltic volcano
复制标题
玄武岩火山的解剖
作者：
R. Tilling;J. Dvorak
位于夏威夷的基拉韦厄火山可能是世界上最被理解的玄武岩火山。岩浆从80公里或更深的深度上升，暂时存在于近地表的储集层中：当其中一个储集层上方的地壳因压力增加而裂开时，喷发就开始了。反复的裂谷区喷发压缩了基拉韦厄火山的侧翼；经过几十年的积累，压力在灾难性的地震和火山南侧的南移中得到缓解。
Kilauea volcano, in Hawaii, may be the best understood basaltic volcano in the world. Magma rises from a depth of 80 km or more and resides temporarily in near-surface reservoirs: eruption begins when the crust above one of these reservoirs splits open in response to a pressure increase. Repeated rift-zone eruptions compress Kilauea's flanks; after decades of accumulation, the stress is relieved in catastrophic earthquakes and southward displacement of the volcano's south flank.