M17 MIR: A Massive Protostar with Multiple Accretion Outbursts

M17 MIR: A Massive Protostar with Multiple Accretion Outbursts
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M17 MIR:具有多次吸积爆发的大质量原恒星

DOI:
10.3847/1538-4357/ac2151
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发表时间:
2021-08
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Xuepeng 学鹏 Chen 陈
Xuepeng 学鹏 Chen 陈
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhiwei 志维 Chen 陈;Wei 玮 Sun 孙;Rolf Chini;Martin Haas;Zhibo 治波 Jiang 江;Xuepeng 学鹏 Chen 陈

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我们报告发现了一颗巨大的原恒星M17 MIR,嵌在M17的热分子核心中。1993-2019年期间获得的多波长数据显示出显着的中红外(MIR)变化,可以分为三个阶段:1993.03-2004年中期的下降阶段,2004年中期至2010年中期的静止阶段,以及2010年中期至今的再亮阶段。22 GHz H2O脉泽发射的变化,连同MIR的变化,表明增强盘吸积速率到M17 MIR在减少和再增亮阶段。M17 MIR在2005历元(静止)和2017历元(吸积爆发)的光谱能量分布的辐射传输模型限制了M17 MIR的基本恒星参数,M17 MIR是一颗中等质量的原恒星(M = 5.4 M),2005历元的M = 1.1×10− 5 M yr−1,2017历元的M = 1.7×10− 3 M yr−1。在爆发过程中,M ~(-1)acc的增强导致了亮度爆发ΔL ~(-1)7600 L ~(-1)。在吸积爆发中,需要较大的恒星半径才能产生与H_2O脉泽运动学估算值一致的M ~(tmacc)。M17 MIR显示了两次吸积爆发(Δt = 9-20年),爆发震级约为2等,间隔6年的静止期。在26年以上的时间里,吸积爆发占83%。爆发阶段的吸积速率是变化的,其幅度远低于平静阶段和爆发阶段的对比。M17和平号星的极端年轻表明,在大质量星星形成的早期阶段,小的吸积爆发是经常发生的。
We report the discovery of a massive protostar M17 MIR embedded in a hot molecular core in M17. The multiwavelength data obtained during 1993–2019 show significant mid-IR (MIR) variations, which can be split into three stages: the decreasing phase during 1993.03–mid-2004, the quiescent phase from mid-2004 to mid-2010, and the rebrightening phase from mid-2010 until now. The variation of the 22 GHz H2O maser emission, together with the MIR variation, indicates an enhanced disk accretion rate onto M17 MIR during the decreasing and rebrightening phases. Radiative transfer modeling of the spectral energy distributions of M17 MIR in the 2005 epoch (quiescent) and 2017 epoch (accretion outburst) constrains the basic stellar parameters of M17 MIR, which is an intermediate-mass protostar (M ∼ 5.4 M ⊙) with Ṁacc∼1.1×10−5M⊙yr−1 in the 2005 epoch and Ṁacc∼1.7×10−3M⊙yr−1 in the 2017 epoch. The enhanced Ṁacc during outburst induces the luminosity outburst ΔL ≈ 7600 L ⊙. In the accretion outburst, a larger stellar radius is required to produce Ṁacc consistent with the value estimated from the kinematics of H2O masers. M17 MIR shows two accretion outbursts (Δt ∼ 9–20 yr) with outburst magnitudes of about 2 mag, separated by a 6 yr quiescent phase. The accretion outburst occupies 83% of the time over 26 yr. The accretion rate in outburst is variable with amplitude much lower than the contrast between quiescent and outburst phases. The extreme youth of M17 MIR suggests that minor accretion bursts are frequent in the earliest stages of massive star formation.
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