Virtual special issue “Biomimetic Polymers”
Virtual special issue “Biomimetic Polymers”
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虚拟特刊“仿生聚合物”
DOI：
10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109370
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Scheibel, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruns, Nico;Scheibel, Thomas
没有大分子，生命就不会进化。整个细胞机制依赖于大分子化合物，如DNA、RNA、蛋白质和多肽。此外，多糖或木质素等生物聚合物作为生命系统的结构成分发挥着重要作用。天然大分子具有复杂的功能和性质，迄今为止很少在合成系统中实现。这就是为什么合成聚合物化学家经常从自然界中寻找灵感，如何设计功能性聚合物，或者用合成聚合物模仿自然系统的功能。此外，随着生物技术的出现，天然聚合物和合成聚合物之间的界限变得模糊了。例如，基因的重组表达和工程允许在materiaĺs应用中使用重组蛋白。这期《欧洲聚合物杂志》特刊的目的是突出仿生和生物启发聚合物化学领域的研究实例，以展示当前的趋势，并强调仿生和生物启发功能材料在新应用中的机会。生物灵感来源的一个经典例子是贻贝足的蛋白质，它们在潮湿的条件下强烈地粘附在表面上。梅瑟史密斯和他的同事们回顾了一些聚合物，这些聚合物的灵感来自于这种聚合物和海洋生物的其他技巧，以制造用于医疗应用的粘合剂。Scheibel和同事研究了贻贝如何控制其蛋白质中3,4 -二羟基苯丙氨酸（DOPA）残基的氧化和还原，这是贻贝足蛋白[2]粘附特性的关键。为此，他们重组表达了一种能抑制多巴氧化的贻贝蛋白。不仅是贻贝足，贻贝的粗线也有迷人的特性。它们具有高韧性和自愈能力。Harrington和同事开发了一种由星形聚乙二醇和链端多肽组成的模型聚合物网络，以研究富含组氨酸的结构域在大丝线[3]中蛋白质的自组装和自修复中的作用。一般来说，结构蛋白在自然界中广泛存在。自古以来就用于人造材料的一类结构蛋白是丝绸。丝素蛋白具有生物相容性、可生物降解性和低免疫原性等特点，是目前研究的热点。将可溶性丝素蛋白加工成不溶性纤维是自然界和制备丝素基生物材料的重要过程。Linder， Aranko和同事们研究了葡聚糖在丝素蛋白凝聚过程中作为拥挤剂的作用，并表明拥挤剂大大降低了蛋白质聚集[4]的浓度。胶原蛋白是哺乳动物中最重要的结构蛋白。模拟胶原肽由低聚胶原片段组成，被认为是研究胶原性质和行为的模型系统。Börner和同事的贡献解释了肽链不同位置的ph依赖性开关缺陷对胶原三螺旋[5]形成的影响。多糖，包括纤维素，几丁质和淀粉是丰富的天然聚合物，越来越多地用于材料应用。特别是纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）和纤维素纳米原纤维作为聚合物基体的纳米级增强剂已经引起了人们的广泛关注。Ikkala和Nonappa报道了用凝胶状甲基纤维素和CNCs的混合物湿纺制成的纳米复合纤维。纤维显示出高延展性。
Without macromolecules, life would not have evolved. The whole cell machinery relies on macromolecular compounds, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and peptides. Moreover, biopolymers such as polysaccharides or lignin play important roles as structural components of living systems. Natural macromolecules have sophisticated functions and properties that have so far been rarely achieved in synthetic systems. That is why synthetic polymer chemists often look into nature for inspiration how to design functional polymers, or to mimic the function of natural systems with synthetic ones. Moreover, with the advent of biotechnology, the boundaries between natural and synthetic polymers become fluid. For example, the recombinant expression and engineering of genes allows using recombinant proteins in materiaĺs applications. The aim of this special issue of the European Polymer Journal is to highlight examples of research in the field of biomimetic and bioinspired polymer chemistry in order to showcase current trends and to emphasize the opportunities of biomimetic and bioinspired functional materials for novel applications. A classic example for a source of bioinspiration are the proteins of the mussel foot, which adhere strongly to surfaces in wet condition. Messersmith and coworkers review polymers that are inspired by this and other tricks of marine organisms to create adhesives for medical applications [1]. Scheibel and coworkers investigate the question how mussels control the oxidation and reduction of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) residues in their proteins, which is key to the adhesion properties of the mussel foot proteins [2]. To this end, they recombinantly expressed a mussel protein that can suppress DOPA oxidation. Not only the mussel foot, but also the byssal threads of mussels have fascinating properties. They exhibit high toughness and can self-heal. Harrington and coworkers developed a model polymer network composed of star-shaped PEG with peptides at the chain ends to investigate the role of histidin-rich domains in the self-assembly and self-healing of proteins in the byssal threads [3]. In general, structural proteins are widespread in nature. One class of structural proteins that has been used since ancient times for man-made materials is silk. Nowadays, silk fibroin is intensively investigated as material for biomedical applications because it is biocompatible, biodegradable, and has low immunogenicity. The processing of soluble silk fibroin into insoluble fibers is an essential process both in nature and during the preparation of fibroin-based biomaterials. Linder, Aranko and coworkers investigate the effect of dextran as a crowding agent during silk fibroin coacervation and show that the crowding agent drastically reduces the concentration at which the protein aggregates [4]. Collagen is the most important structural protein in mammals. Collagen-mimetic peptides consist of oligomeric collagen segments and are considered model systems to study the properties and behavior of collagen. The contribution by Börner and coworkers deciphers the effect of pH-dependent switch defects in various locations of the peptide chain on the formation of the collagen triple helix [5]. Polysaccharides, including cellulose, chitin, and starch are abundantly available natural polymers that are increasingly used in materials applications. Especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils have attained much interest as nanoscale reinforcing agents for polymeric matrices. Ikkala and Nonappa report nanocomposite fibers that were made by wet-spinning of gel-like mixtures of methylcellulose and CNCs [6]. The fibers showed high ductility …
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影响因子：
6
作者：
Chase B. Thompson;S. Chatterjee;L. Korley
通讯作者：
Chase B. Thompson;S. Chatterjee;L. Korley
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影响因子：
6
作者：
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贻贝多酚氧化酶样蛋白显示硫醇介导的抗氧化活性
影响因子：
6
作者：
Jia Wang;Michael H. Suhre;T. Scheibel
通讯作者：
T. Scheibel
影响因子：
6
作者：
Lemetti, Laura;Hirvonen, Sami-Pekka;Aranko, A. Sesilja
通讯作者：
Aranko, A. Sesilja
利用肽-聚合物杂化物探索贻贝足丝制造：pH 和金属配位在富含组氨酸结构域的自组装和力学中的作用
影响因子：
6
作者：
Trapaidze;D’Antuono;Fratzl;Harrington
通讯作者：
Harrington