Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China
Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China
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DOI：
10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.010
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lin Guang-Hui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen Lu-Zhen;Wang Wen-Qing;Lin Guang-Hui
2008年1 - 2月，我国南方19个省（市、自治区、直辖市）出现了罕见的低温雨雪冰冻天气。方法2008年3月，在中国大陆沿海10个红树林自然保护区进行了冷害调查，分析了冷害对红树林的影响，并比较了外来红树林和本地红树林的耐寒性差异。测定了玉米的焦枯率、落叶率和叶片F、IF。重要发现由于海南、广西和广东湛江的低纬度地区气温较低，加上夜间落潮，对几种红树林植物造成了严重的损害。而福建本地红树林植物秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤和移植木榄等对冬季低温有较强的适应性，抗寒性较强。在调查的红树林植物种类中，K.结果表明，倒卵叶冷杉、桐花树和白骨壤的抗寒性最强，其次是B壤。木榄B.六角藻属和红海榄属，它们属于红海榄科。海桑是耐寒性最差的红树林树种，在一些地方遭受了严重的破坏，甚至完全丧失。S.从孟加拉国引进的无瓣草的为害程度明显低于S.表明其对低温有较强的抵抗力。此外，红树林幼苗比成树更敏感。极寒事件杀死了苗圃中的许多红树幼苗，并导致树木上未成熟的花朵和果实脱落，这将对红树林的自然繁殖和重新造林项目产生不利影响。因此, 在未来红树林造林或人工引种中, 一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。
Aims Unusually low temperatures associated with heavy rain, snow and frost occurred in 19 provinces in southern China in January-February 2008. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of the cold weather event on mangroves and to compare differences in cold tolerance between exotic and native mangrove species.Methods In March 2008, we conducted an intensive survey of cold damage in ten mangrove nature reserves along the coastal areas of mainland China. Parameters such as scorch percentage, defoliation percentage and leaf F,IF. values (an indicator of leaf physiological health) were determined on selected seedlings and trees of the mangrove species at each site.Important findings With low latitudes in Hainan, Guangxi and Zhanjiang of Guangdong, low air temperature coupled with the ebb tide at night, which caused serious damage to several mangrove species. However, native mangrove species in Fujian, such as Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina and transplanted Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which were adapted to low temperature events in winters, had higher cold resistance. Among all mangrove species surveyed, K. obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina were the most cold-resistant, followed by B. gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula and Rhizophora stylosa, which belong to the family Rhizophoraceae. Sonneratia caseolaris was the least cold-resistent mangrove species, having suffered serious damage or even complete loss in some locations. S. apetala introduced from Bangladesh showed much less damage than its counterpart S. caseolaris, indicating higher resistance to low temperature. Furthermore, mangrove seedlings were more sensitive than mature trees. The extreme cold event killed many mangrove seedlings in the nurseries and caused immature flowers and fruits to drop from trees, which would have an adverse effect on mangrove natural reproduction and reforestation projects. Thus, it is essential to consider cold resistance in future mangrove afforestration and restoration projects.