When Threat Is Near, Get Out of Here: Dynamics of Defensive Behavior During Freezing and Active Avoidance
When Threat Is Near, Get Out of Here: Dynamics of Defensive Behavior During Freezing and Active Avoidance
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797615597332
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Hamm, Alfons O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loew, Andreas;Weymar, Mathias;Hamm, Alfons O.
当检测到威胁时，人类和其他动物会采取防御行为，并支持随着威胁紧迫性和潜在反应选项而变化的生理调整。在本研究中，我们揭示了防御行为的动态和相关的生理调整，在人类使用多种心理生理和大脑的措施。当参与者被暴露在一个动态的接近，无法控制的威胁，注意力冻结增强，如皮肤电导增加，恐惧心动过缓，并加强惊吓反射。相比之下，当参与者有机会积极避免接近的威胁，注意力转向反应准备，所示的抑制惊吓幅度和急剧下降的探针引起的P3成分的诱发脑电位。这些关于防御行为动力学的新发现形成了动物和人类研究之间的重要交叉点，对理解恐惧和焦虑相关疾病具有重要意义。
When detecting a threat, humans and other animals engage in defensive behaviors and supporting physiological adjustments that vary with threat imminence and potential response options. In the present study, we shed light on the dynamics of defensive behaviors and associated physiological adjustments in humans using multiple psychophysiological and brain measures. When participants were exposed to a dynamically approaching, uncontrollable threat, attentive freezing was augmented, as indicated by an increase in skin conductance, fear bradycardia, and potentiation of the startle reflex. In contrast, when participants had the opportunity to actively avoid the approaching threat, attention switched to response preparation, as indicated by an inhibition of the startle magnitude and by a sharp drop of the probe-elicited P3 component of the evoked brain potentials. These new findings on the dynamics of defensive behaviors form an important intersection between animal and human research and have important implications for understanding fear and anxiety-related disorders.