Impact of past experiences on decision-making in autism spectrum disorder
Impact of past experiences on decision-making in autism spectrum disorder
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DOI：
10.1007/s00406-019-01071-4
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Takahashi, Hidehiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujino, Junya;Tei, Shisei;Takahashi, Hidehiko
人们在当前的决策中经常受到过去成本的影响，因此屈服于众所周知的沉没成本效应。最近的一项研究表明，沉没成本效应在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者中减弱。然而，该研究只解决了一种情况下的利用决策，侧重于选择类似的有吸引力的替代品与不同水平的沉没成本。因此，目前尚不清楚ASD患者在不同类型的决策情况下，特别是在决策者将额外资源分配给最初选择的替代方案的进展决策中，在沉没成本下的行为。在进度决策中的沉没成本效应是使用一个经济任务来估计的，该任务旨在评估过去的投资对当前决策的影响。对24名ASD患者和21名年龄、性别、吸烟状况、教育程度和智力水平匹配的典型发育（TD）受试者进行了评估。TD的参与者更愿意进行第二次增量投资，如果以前的投资，表明他们的决定受到沉没成本的影响。然而，与TD组不同的是，在ASD组的先前投资之后，投资率没有显著增加。这些结果与先前的证据一致，即ASD患者对环境刺激的敏感性降低，并帮助我们更广泛地了解沉没成本对他们决策的影响。我们的研究结果将有助于更好地了解ASD，并可能有助于解决他们的社会经济行为的实际影响。
People are often influenced by past costs in their current decision-making, thus succumbing to a well-known bias recognized as the sunk cost effect. A recent study showed that the sunk cost effect is attenuated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the study only addressed one situation of utilization decision by focusing on the choice between similar attractive alternatives with different levels of sunk costs. Thus, it remains unclear how individuals with ASD behave under sunk costs in different types of decision situations, particularly progress decisions, in which the decision-maker allocates additional resources to an initially chosen alternative. The sunk cost effect in progress decisions was estimated using an economic task designed to assess the effect of the past investments on current decision-making. Twenty-four individuals with ASD and 21 age-, sex-, smoking status-, education-, and intelligence quotient-level-matched typical development (TD) subjects were evaluated. The TD participants were more willing to make the second incremental investment if a previous investment was made, indicating that their decisions were influenced by sunk costs. However, unlike the TD group, the rates of investments were not significantly increased after prior investments in the ASD group. The results agree with the previous evidence of a reduced sensitivity to context stimuli in individuals with ASD and help us obtain a broader picture of the impact of sunk costs on their decision-making. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of ASD and may be useful in addressing practical implications of their socioeconomic behavior.