Rapid transcrustal magma movement under Iceland

Rapid transcrustal magma movement under Iceland
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冰岛地下快速穿地壳岩浆运动

DOI:
10.1038/s41561-019-0376-9
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Mutch E
Mutch E
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mutch E

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来自下地壳的岩浆供应常常被认为是火山爆发的触发机制。然而,岩浆从火山系统最深处被输送出来的时间尺度却受到很大的限制。这种不确定性给建立物理模型和评估火山灾害带来了问题。在这里,我们结合地质温压与贝叶斯反演扩散测时原始橄榄石晶体从Borgarhraun喷发,北方冰岛。我们发现,岩浆花了大约10天上升近莫霍面存储在24公里深的爆发前,因此,目前的时间尺度上的全球扩张脊系统的地壳岩浆运输。我们的研究结果揭示了下地壳和上地壳之间的快速连接,熔体传输速率为0.02至0.1 m s-1,这与冰岛下地壳地震群中观察到的传播速率一致。使用地表CO2通量监测这些事件可能提供火山即将爆发的最早指标之一。在高运输率和低CO2含量估计的Borgarhraun喷发,任何影响的岩浆上升对地表CO2通量是有限的,在喷发前不到两天的时间。
Magma supply from the lower crust is often proposed as a trigger mechanism for volcanic eruptions. The timescales over which magma can be transported from the deepest parts of volcanic systems are, however, poorly constrained. This uncertainty poses problems for the construction of physical models and for assessment of volcanic hazards. Here, we combined geothermobarometry with Bayesian inversion diffusion chronometry on primitive olivine crystals from the Borgarhraun eruption, northern Iceland. We find that magma took about 10 days to ascend from near-Moho storage at 24 km depth before its eruption, and therefore present timescales for transcrustal magma transport on the global spreading ridge system. Our results reveal a rapid connection between the lower and upper crust with melt transport rates of 0.02 to 0.1 m s−1, which are consistent with the propagation rates observed in seismic swarms in the Icelandic lower crust. Monitoring of such events using surface CO2fluxes may provide one of the earliest indicators that an eruption is imminent. At the high transport rates and low CO2contents estimated for the Borgarhraun eruption, any effect of rising magma on surface CO2fluxes is limited to a period of less than two days before eruption.
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发表时间: 2014-08
影响因子: 3.5
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DOI: 10.1016/0024-4937(95)90005-5
发表时间: 1995
期刊: Lithos
影响因子: 3.5
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DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.038
发表时间: 2011
影响因子: 5.3
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影响因子: 3.1
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