First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign
First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign
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DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/812/1/65
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Furniss;K. Noda;S. Boggs;J. Chiang;F. Christensen;W. Craig;P. Giommi;C. Hailey;F. Harisson;G. Madejski;K. Nalewajko;M. Perri;D. Stern;M. Urry;F. Verrecchia;W. Zhang;M. L. Ahnen;S. Ansoldi;L. A. Antonelli;P. Antoranz;A. Babić;B. Banerjee;P. Bangale;U. D. Almeida;J. Barrio;J. González;W. Bednarek;E. Bernardini;B. Biasuzzi;A. Biland;O. Blanch;S. Bonnefoy;G. Bonnoli;F. Borracci;T. Bretz;E. Carmona;A. Carosi;A. Chatterjee;R. Clavero;P. Colin;E. Colombo;J. Contreras;J. Cortina;S. Covino;P. D. Vela;F. Dazzi;A. Angelis;G. Caneva;B. Lotto;E. O. Wilhelmi;C. Mendez;F. D. Pierro;D. D. Prester-D.;D. Dorner;M. Doro;S. Einecke;D. Glawion;D. Elsaesser;A. Fernández-Barral;D. Fidalgo;M. Fonseca;L. Font;K. Frantzen;C. Fruck;D. Galindo;R. G. López;M. Garczarczyk;D. G. Terrats;M. Gaug;P. Giammaria;N. Godinovic;A. G. Muñoz;D. Guberman;Y. Hanabata;M. Hayashida;J. Herrera;J. Hose;D. Hrupec;G. Hughes;W. Idec;H. Kellermann;K. Kodani;Y. Konno;H. Kubo;J. Kushida;A. Barbera;D. Lelas;N. Lewandowska;E. Lindfors;S. Lombardi;F. Longo;M. Lopez;R. López-Coto;A. López-Oramas;E. Lorenz;P. Majumdar;M. Makariev;K. Mallot;G. Maneva;M. Manganaro;K. Mannheim;L. Maraschi;B. Marcote;M. Mariotti;M. Martínez;D. Mazin;U. Menzel;J. Miranda;R. Mirzoyan;A. Moralejo;D. Nakajima;V. Neustroev;A. Niedźwiecki;M. N. Rosillo;K. Nilsson;K. Nishijima;R. Orito;A. Overkemping;S. Paiano;J. Palacio;M. Palatiello;D. Paneque;R. Paoletti;J. Paredes;X. Paredes-Fortuny;M. Persic;J. Poutanen;P. Moroni;E. Prandini;I. Puljak;R. Reinthal;W. Rhode;M. Ribó;J. Rico;J. Garcia;T. Saito;K. Saito;K. Satalecka;V. Scapin;C. Schultz;T. Schweizer;S. Shore;A. Sillanpaa;J. Sitarek;I. Šnidarić;D. Sobczynska;A. Stamerra;T. Steinbring;M. Strzys;L. Takalo;H. Takami;F. Tavecchio;P. Temnikov;T. Terzić;D. Tescaro;M. Teshima;J. Thaele;D. Torres;T. Toyama;A. Treves;V. Verguilov;I. Vovk;M. Will;R. Zanin;A. Archer;W. Benbow;R. Bird;J. Biteau;V. Bugaev;J. Cardenzana;M. Cerruti;X. Chen;L. Ciupik;M. Connolly;W. Cui;H. Dickinson;J. Dumm;J. Eisch;A. Falcone;Q. Feng;J. Finley;H. Fleischhack;P. Fortin;L. Fortson;L. Gérard;G. Gillanders;S. Griffin;S. Griffiths;J. Grube;G. Gyuk;N. Haakansson;J. Holder;T. Humensky;C. Johnson;P. Kaaret;M. Kertzman;D. Kieda;M. Krause;F. Krennrich;M. Lang;T. T. Lin-T.;G. Maier;S. McArthur;A. McCann;K. Meagher;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;A. O. D. Bhróithe;R. Ong;N. Park;D. Petry;M. Pohl;A. Popkow;K. Ragan;G. Ratliff;L. Reyes;P. Reynolds;G. Richards;E. Roache;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;K. Shahinyan;D. Staszak;I. Telezhinsky;J. Tucci;J. Tyler;V. Vassiliev;S. Wakely;O. Weiner;A. Weinstein;A. Wilhelm;D. Williams;B. Zitzer;O. Fuhrmann;E. Angelakis;V. Karamanavis;I. Myserlis;T. Krichbaum;J. Zensus;H. Ungerechts;A. Bachev;M. Bottcher;W. P. Chen;G. Damljanovic;C. Eswaraiah;T. Guver;T. Hovatta;Z. Hughes;S. Ibryamov;M. Joner;B. Jordan;S. Jorstad;M. Joshi;J. Kataoka;O. Kurtanidze;S. O. Kurtanidze;A. Lahteenmaki;G. Latev;H. C. Lin;V. Larionov;A. Mokrushina;D. Morozova;M. Nikolashvili;C. Raiteri;V. Ramakrishnan;A. Readhead;A. Sadun;L. Sigua;E. Semkov;A. Strigachev;J. Tammi;M. Tornikoski;Y. V. Troitsky;M. Villata
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Furniss;K. Noda;S. Boggs;J. Chiang;F. Christensen;W. Craig;P. Giommi;C. Hailey;F. Harisson;G. Madejski;K. Nalewajko;M. Perri;D. Stern;M. Urry;F. Verrecchia;W. Zhang;M. L. Ahnen;S. Ansoldi;L. A. Antonelli;P. Antoranz;A. Babić;B. Banerjee;P. Bangale;U. D. Almeida;J. Barrio;J. González;W. Bednarek;E. Bernardini;B. Biasuzzi;A. Biland;O. Blanch;S. Bonnefoy;G. Bonnoli;F. Borracci;T. Bretz;E. Carmona;A. Carosi;A. Chatterjee;R. Clavero;P. Colin;E. Colombo;J. Contreras;J. Cortina;S. Covino;P. D. Vela;F. Dazzi;A. Angelis;G. Caneva;B. Lotto;E. O. Wilhelmi;C. Mendez;F. D. Pierro;D. D. Prester-D.;D. Dorner;M. Doro;S. Einecke;D. Glawion;D. Elsaesser;A. Fernández-Barral;D. Fidalgo;M. Fonseca;L. Font;K. Frantzen;C. Fruck;D. Galindo;R. G. López;M. Garczarczyk;D. G. Terrats;M. Gaug;P. Giammaria;N. Godinovic;A. G. Muñoz;D. Guberman;Y. Hanabata;M. Hayashida;J. Herrera;J. Hose;D. Hrupec;G. Hughes;W. Idec;H. Kellermann;K. Kodani;Y. Konno;H. Kubo;J. Kushida;A. Barbera;D. Lelas;N. Lewandowska;E. Lindfors;S. Lombardi;F. Longo;M. Lopez;R. López-Coto;A. López-Oramas;E. Lorenz;P. Majumdar;M. Makariev;K. Mallot;G. Maneva;M. Manganaro;K. Mannheim;L. Maraschi;B. Marcote;M. Mariotti;M. Martínez;D. Mazin;U. Menzel;J. Miranda;R. Mirzoyan;A. Moralejo;D. Nakajima;V. Neustroev;A. Niedźwiecki;M. N. Rosillo;K. Nilsson;K. Nishijima;R. Orito;A. Overkemping;S. Paiano;J. Palacio;M. Palatiello;D. Paneque;R. Paoletti;J. Paredes;X. Paredes-Fortuny;M. Persic;J. Poutanen;P. Moroni;E. Prandini;I. Puljak;R. Reinthal;W. Rhode;M. Ribó;J. Rico;J. Garcia;T. Saito;K. Saito;K. Satalecka;V. Scapin;C. Schultz;T. Schweizer;S. Shore;A. Sillanpaa;J. Sitarek;I. Šnidarić;D. Sobczynska;A. Stamerra;T. Steinbring;M. Strzys;L. Takalo;H. Takami;F. Tavecchio;P. Temnikov;T. Terzić;D. Tescaro;M. Teshima;J. Thaele;D. Torres;T. Toyama;A. Treves;V. Verguilov;I. Vovk;M. Will;R. Zanin;A. Archer;W. Benbow;R. Bird;J. Biteau;V. Bugaev;J. Cardenzana;M. Cerruti;X. Chen;L. Ciupik;M. Connolly;W. Cui;H. Dickinson;J. Dumm;J. Eisch;A. Falcone;Q. Feng;J. Finley;H. Fleischhack;P. Fortin;L. Fortson;L. Gérard;G. Gillanders;S. Griffin;S. Griffiths;J. Grube;G. Gyuk;N. Haakansson;J. Holder;T. Humensky;C. Johnson;P. Kaaret;M. Kertzman;D. Kieda;M. Krause;F. Krennrich;M. Lang;T. T. Lin-T.;G. Maier;S. McArthur;A. McCann;K. Meagher;P. Moriarty;R. Mukherjee;D. Nieto;A. O. D. Bhróithe;R. Ong;N. Park;D. Petry;M. Pohl;A. Popkow;K. Ragan;G. Ratliff;L. Reyes;P. Reynolds;G. Richards;E. Roache;M. Santander;G. Sembroski;K. Shahinyan;D. Staszak;I. Telezhinsky;J. Tucci;J. Tyler;V. Vassiliev;S. Wakely;O. Weiner;A. Weinstein;A. Wilhelm;D. Williams;B. Zitzer;O. Fuhrmann;E. Angelakis;V. Karamanavis;I. Myserlis;T. Krichbaum;J. Zensus;H. Ungerechts;A. Bachev;M. Bottcher;W. P. Chen;G. Damljanovic;C. Eswaraiah;T. Guver;T. Hovatta;Z. Hughes;S. Ibryamov;M. Joner;B. Jordan;S. Jorstad;M. Joshi;J. Kataoka;O. Kurtanidze;S. O. Kurtanidze;A. Lahteenmaki;G. Latev;H. C. Lin;V. Larionov;A. Mokrushina;D. Morozova;M. Nikolashvili;C. Raiteri;V. Ramakrishnan;A. Readhead;A. Sadun;L. Sigua;E. Semkov;A. Strigachev;J. Tammi;M. Tornikoski;Y. V. Troitsky;M. Villata
我们报告的同时宽带观测TeV发射耀变体Markarian 501 4月1日和2013年8月10日之间，包括第一个详细的表征与斯威夫特和努斯塔的同步峰值。在活动期间，附近的BL Lac天体被观察到处于静止状态和升高状态。宽带活动包括利用努斯塔、MAGIC、VERITAS、费米大面积望远镜、Swift X射线望远镜和紫外光学望远镜、各种地面光学仪器（包括GASP-WEBT方案）进行观测，以及利用OVRO、Metsahovi和F-Gamma联合体进行射电观测。一些MAGIC观测受到撒哈拉沙漠沙层的影响，必须使用LIDAR（光探测和测距）设施进行逐事件校正。这是第一次使用激光雷达信息来产生在不利大气条件下拍摄的切伦科夫望远镜数据的物理结果，因此为当前和未来的地面伽马射线仪器树立了先例。努斯塔仪器在硬X射线方面提供了前所未有的灵敏度，显示源显示出3至79 keV之间的光谱能量分布，与对数抛物线光谱和小时时标上的硬X射线变化一致。没有（四个扩展的努斯塔观测）显示在硬X射线能量的逆康普顿发射的开始的证据。我们应用单区平衡同步自康普顿模型的五个同时宽带光谱能量分布。我们发现，同步辐射自康普顿模型可以再现所观察到的宽带状态，通过磁场强度的减少，同时增加的亮度和硬度的相对论轻子负责的高能量发射。
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 1 April and 10 August 2013, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsahovi and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) shows evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model to five simultaneous broadband spectral energy distributions. We find that the synchrotron self-Compton model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.