Kudzu (Pueraria montana) invasion doubles emissions of nitric oxide and increases ozone pollution
Kudzu (Pueraria montana) invasion doubles emissions of nitric oxide and increases ozone pollution
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0912279107
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lerdau, Manuel T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hickman, Jonathan E.;Wu, Shiliang;Lerdau, Manuel T.
固氮豆科葛根（Pueraria montana）是美国东南部广泛分布的入侵植物，其生理特征可能对生态系统和大气产生重要影响。由于氮（N）输入和土壤循环的增加，其传播有可能增加土壤中一氧化氮（NO）的排放，从而提高该地区的臭氧水平。 2007 年，我们在佐治亚州麦迪逊县的三个地点研究了葛根入侵对土壤和痕量氮气体排放的影响，并利用研究结果来模拟葛根入侵对区域空气质量的影响。我们发现，在乔治亚州被入侵的土壤中，净氮矿化率增加了 1,000%，净硝化率增加了 500%。受入侵土壤的一氧化氮排放量增加了 100% 以上（2.81 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1) 与 1.24 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1)）。我们使用 GEOS-Chem 化学输运模型来评估葛根入侵对区域大气化学和空气质量的潜在影响。在极端情况下，广泛的葛藤入侵会直接导致某些地区每年夏季高臭氧事件（超过 70 ppb）的数量增加多达 7 天，而在没有葛藤入侵的对照情况下，这一情况会增加 10 至 20 天。这些结果建立了生物入侵和臭氧形成之间的定量联系，并表明在这种极端情况下，葛根入侵可以克服立法控制带来的一些空气质量效益。
The nitrogen-fixing legume kudzu (Pueraria montana) is a widespread invasive plant in the southeastern United States with physiological traits that may lead to important impacts on ecosystems and the atmosphere. Its spread has the potential to raise ozone levels in the region by increasing nitric oxide (NO) emissions from soils as a consequence of increasing nitrogen (N) inputs and cycling in soils. We studied the effects of kudzu invasions on soils and trace N gas emissions at three sites in Madison County, Georgia in 2007 and used the results to model the effects of kudzu invasion on regional air quality. We found that rates of net N mineralization increased by up to 1,000%, and net nitrification increased by up to 500% in invaded soils in Georgia. Nitric oxide emissions from invaded soils were more than 100% higher (2.81 vs. 1.24 ng NO-N cm(-2) h(-1)). We used the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate the potential impact of kudzu invasion on regional atmospheric chemistry and air quality. In an extreme scenario, extensive kudzu invasion leads directly to an increase in the number of high ozone events (above 70 ppb) of up to 7 days each summer in some areas, up from 10 to 20 days in a control scenario with no kudzu invasion. These results establish a quantitative link between a biological invasion and ozone formation and suggest that in this extreme scenario, kudzu invasion can overcome some of the air quality benefits of legislative control.