Rapid urban growth, land-use changes and air pollution in Santiago, Chile
Rapid urban growth, land-use changes and air pollution in Santiago, Chile
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00145-4
复制
发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Azocar, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Romero, H;Ihl, M;Azocar, P
本文是对拉丁美洲污染最严重的城市之一--圣地亚哥所在盆地的地形气候和环境地理的理解的贡献。在第一部分中，分析了土地利用变化，着眼于从自然半干旱地表到城市地区的快速过渡所造成的气候变化。在第二部分中，描述了季节性天气和坡风的日循环以及可用的通风，试图将这些模式与空气污染的空间分布联系起来。气象、地理和文化因素的结合解释了极端的空气污染事件：从气象学上讲，圣地亚哥处于永久性沉降逆温层之下。在地理上，这座城市位于群山环绕的封闭盆地中。从文化上看，城市地区人口集中度最高（占全国总数的40%），工业（占总数的近70%）和车辆是烟雾的主要来源。城市和郊区的交通系统以大量公共汽车（柴油）和私人汽车为基础，这两种汽车在过去几年中都有快速增长。城市特别是交通系统产生大量的污染物排放，但天然半干旱森林土壤和山坡也是重要的污染源。局地风系统可以解释城市及其周边地区空气污染物浓度的差异性空间分布。在冬季火车季节，城市中心和西南部的颗粒物浓度较高。安第斯皮埃蒙特地区（城市的E部分）显示最小值，表明主要的通风效果的斜坡和山谷风。臭氧在夏季（旱季）超过空气质量标准，在中心和周边的所有地点。然而，O-3-浓度较高的首选住宅区位于皮埃蒙特地区（E部分的城市），这表明空气污染传输的影响。目前，在城市规划过程中没有考虑到这些当地的气候特征。(C)1999爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
This paper is a contribution to the understanding of the topoclimatic and environmental geography of the basin where Santiago - one of the most polluted Latin American city - is located. In the first part, land-use change is analysed looking at the climatic transformation caused by the rapid transit from natural semiarid surface to urban areas. In the second part, seasonal weather and daily cycles of slope winds and the available ventilation are described trying to relate those patterns with the spatial distribution of air pollution. A combination of meteorological, geographical and cultural factors explain extreme air pollution events: meteorologically, Santiago is under permanent subsidence inversion layers. Geographically, the city is located in a closed basin surrounded by mountains. Culturally, the urban area has the highest population concentration (40% of the national total), industries (near 70% of the total) and vehicles, which are the main sources of smog. The urban and suburban transport system is based on a large number of buses (diesel) and private cars, both experiencing a rapid growth from the past few years. The city and specially the transport system generates high emissions of pollutant, bur the natural semiarid deforested soils and slopes are also important sources. The local wind system can explain the differential spatial distribution on the concentration of air pollutants in the city and its periphery. In winter train season concentrations of particulate matter are higher at the centre and the SW part of the city. The andean piedmont area (E part of the city) shows minimum values, suggesting major ventilation effects of slope and valley winds. Ozone exceeds air quality standards in summer (dry season) at all sites in the centre and periphery. However, the O-3-concentrations are higher on preferred residential areas located at the piedmont area (E part of the city), suggesting air pollution transport effects. Currently, there is no consideration of these local climatic features in the process of urban planning. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.