Impact of dietary fiber and fat on gut microbiota re-modeling and metabolic health
Impact of dietary fiber and fat on gut microbiota re-modeling and metabolic health
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.001
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
15.3
通讯作者：
Sanz, Yolanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benitez-Paez, Alfonso;Gomez Del Pulgar, Eva M.;Sanz, Yolanda
背景资料：科学证据表明，饮食在肥胖及其合并症中起着一定的作用，部分原因是它与个体肠道微生物群的相互作用。同样，个体的微生物群会影响饮食干预减轻体重的效果。然而，我们需要更好地了解肠道菌群的关键组成部分，是响应于特定的饮食和它们对能量平衡的影响，以便在practice.Scope和方法中使用此信息：这篇评论提供了一个最新的描述的影响，膳食纤维和脂肪对肠道菌群和机制，大概介导其对代谢健康的影响。我们还讨论了主要的知识差距和需要更好地了解饮食微生物相互作用在肥胖和相关的comorbidity.Key调查结果和结论的作用：膳食纤维是肠道微生物群的组成和功能的主要驱动力，刺激能够利用这些底物作为能源的细菌的优势，虽然效果取决于纤维的类型和个体的微生物群。然而，介导特定纤维诱导的代谢表型效应的关键细菌和初级和次级代谢途径仍不清楚，这些信息对于个性化基于纤维的干预是必要的。文献还表明，肠道微生物群有助于高脂肪饮食对代谢表型的不良后果;然而，对膳食脂肪类型的影响知之甚少。进一步的进展，预计从转化方法整合控制饮食干预人体试验，结合功能组学技术和生理/临床终点，并在实验模型中的机制研究。这将最终帮助我们在建立基于微生物组的饮食建议和干预措施方面取得进展，这有助于解决肥胖流行病及其合并症。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Background: Scientific evidence suggests that diet plays a role in obesity and its comorbidities, partly via its interactions with the individual's gut microbiota. Likewise, the individual's microbiota influences the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce body weight. However, we require a better understanding of the key components of the gut microbiota that are responsive to specific diets and of their effects on energy balance in order to use this information in practice.Scope and approach: This review provides an up-to-date description of the influence of dietary fibers and fat on gut microbiota and the mechanisms presumably mediating their effects on metabolic health. We also discuss the main knowledge gaps and the need to gain greater understanding of the role of diet microbe interactions in obesity and the associated comorbidities.Key findings and conclusions: Dietary fibers are major drivers of gut microbiota composition and function, stimulating the dominance of bacteria able to utilize these substrates as energy source, although effects vary depending on both the type of fiber and the individual's microbiota. However, the key bacteria and the primary and secondary metabolic pathways mediating specific fiber-induced effects on the metabolic phenotype remain unclear, and this information is necessary to personalize fiber-based interventions. The literature also shows that gut microbiota contributes to the adverse consequences of high-fat diets on the metabolic phenotype; however, little is known about the effects of dietary fat type. Further progress is expected from translational approaches integrating controlled dietary intervention human trials, combining functional omics technologies and physiological/clinical endpoints, and mechanistic studies in experimental models. This will ultimately help us to progress towards establishing informed microbiome-based dietary recommendations and interventions, which can contribute to tackling the obesity epidemic and its comorbidities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.