Advancing a humane alternative to sodium fluoroacetate (1080) for wildlife management - welfare and wallaby control
Advancing a humane alternative to sodium fluoroacetate (1080) for wildlife management - welfare and wallaby control
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DOI：
10.1071/wr10060
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Statham, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eason, Charles T.;Shapiro, Lee;Statham, Helen
语境。哺乳动物的控制是一个有争议的领域，需要生态和伦理上的合理性，同时考虑动物福利也变得越来越重要。澳大利亚和新西兰正面临继续使用氟乙酸钠 (1080) 的阻力，因为其相对于氰化物的人道性值得怀疑，以及其他非预期影响。在塔斯马尼亚和新西兰，小袋鼠有时被认为是需要控制的害虫。我们认为，寻找人道工具和 1080 的替代品来控制小袋鼠是道德义务。目标。对圈养动物进行了两项研究，以评估 Feratox 氰化物颗粒扑杀大马袋鼠 (Macropus eugenii) 和贝内特袋鼠 (Macropus rufogriseus) 的有效性和人道性。方法。将氰化物颗粒放入可口的无毒诱饵中，喂给分别饲养在宽敞围栏中的 20 只达马袋鼠和 24 只贝内特袋鼠。小袋鼠摄入有毒颗粒后，密切观察氰化物对这些动物的影响。主要结果。总共 20 只达马小袋鼠中，有 18 只死亡。从破裂氰化物颗粒到失去知觉的平均时间为 7.7 分钟，到死亡的平均时间为 13.5 分钟。在对 24 只贝内特小袋鼠进行的单独试验中，其中 23 只在嘴里咬碎了至少一颗 Feratox 颗粒而死亡。从击碎颗粒到失去知觉的平均时间为 14 分钟，死亡时间为 22 分钟。在这两项研究中，氰化物引起的中毒和死亡迅速发生。负鼠摄入氰化物后出现的症状和影响与之前报道的相似。结论。对于小袋鼠来说，Feratox 从出现症状到失去知觉的时间间隔很短，从福利角度来看几乎没有不良迹象。影响。公众支持是影响毒素选择的几个因素之一。只有使用人道的控制工具，才能持续使用毒素来控制害虫。在此基础上，氰化物成为其他脊椎动物毒素（包括 1080）控制小袋鼠的首选替代品。
Context. Control of mammals is a controversial area and ecological and ethical justification is needed, with consideration of animal welfare being increasingly important. Australia and New Zealand are facing resistance to the continued use of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) because of its questionable humaneness, relative to cyanide, as well as other non-intended impacts. Wallabies are sometimes deemed unwanted pests requiring control in both Tasmania and New Zealand. We consider there is an ethical obligation to find humane tools and alternatives to 1080 for wallaby control.Aims. Two studies on captive animals were undertaken to assess the effectiveness and humaneness of Feratox cyanide pellets for culling Dama wallabies (Macropus eugenii) and Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus).Methods. Cyanide pellets were presented in palatable non-toxic bait to 20 Dama and 24 Bennett's wallabies individually housed in spacious pens. Following ingestion of the toxic pellets by the wallabies, the effects of cyanide on these animals were closely observed.Key results. In all, 18 of 20 Dama wallabies presented with a pellet died. The mean time from cracking a cyanide pellet to unconsciousness was 7.7 min, and 13.5 min to death. In the separate trial of 24 Bennett's wallabies, 23 of those cracked at least one Feratox pellet in their mouth and died. The mean time from cracking a pellet to unconsciousness was 14 min, and the time to death was 22 min. In both studies, cyanide induced toxicosis and death occurred rapidly. The onset of symptoms and effects were similar to those previously reported in possums following ingestion of cyanide.Conclusions. Feratox has a short interval from onset of symptoms to unconsciousness in wallabies, with few undesirable signs from the welfare perspective.Implications. Public support is one of several factors influencing the choice of toxins. Toxin use for pest control will be sustained only if the control tools used are humane. On that basis, cyanide offers a preferred alternative to other vertebrate toxins, including 1080, for the control of wallabies.