A Country on the Verge of Malaria Elimination - The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
A Country on the Verge of Malaria Elimination - The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0105980
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发表时间：
2014-09-24
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Memish, Ziad A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coleman, Michael;Al-Zahrani, Mohammed H.;Memish, Ziad A.
过去十年来，全球防治疟疾工作取得了重大进展，随着越来越多的国家进入消除阶段，现在的注意力集中于确定缩小疟疾分布图的有效战略。沙特阿拉伯在1998年爆发了疟疾，但现在即将消除疟疾，2012年仅报告了82例本地病例。对已发表的文献和灰色文献进行了回顾，以确定促成这一成就的控制策略。1998年至2012年期间，沙特阿拉伯本地疟疾病例数减少了99.8%。疟疾病例的最初急剧下降与病媒控制措施的迅速扩大同时发生。据报告，发病率一直保持在较低水平（每千人0.01至0.1人之间），直到2007年采用青蒿琥酯加磺胺多辛-乙胺嘧啶作为一线治疗方法，并建立了阿拉伯半岛无疟疾区域伙伴关系。自2007年以来，发病率下降了近一个数量级。疟疾发病率现在非常低，但输入病例的高比例、本地传播的持续可能性以及归因于间日疟原虫的病例比例增加，都是沙特阿拉伯在努力到2015年消除疟疾时面临的挑战。
Significant headway has been made in the global fight against malaria in the past decade and as more countries enter the elimination phase, attention is now focused on identifying effective strategies to shrink the malaria map. Saudi Arabia experienced an outbreak of malaria in 1998, but is now on the brink of malaria elimination, with just 82 autochthonous cases reported in 2012. A review of published and grey literature was performed to identify the control strategies that have contributed to this achievement. The number of autochthonous malaria cases in Saudi Arabia decreased by 99.8% between 1998 and 2012. The initial steep decline in malaria cases coincided with a rapid scaling up of vector control measures. Incidence continued to be reported at low levels (between 0.01 and 0.1 per 1,000 of the population) until the adoption of artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as first line treatment and the establishment of a regional partnership for a malaria-free Arabian Peninsula, both of which occurred in 2007. Since 2007, incidence has decreased by nearly an order of magnitude. Malaria incidence is now very low, but a high proportion of imported cases, continued potential for autochthonous transmission, and an increased proportion of cases attributable to Plasmodium vivax all present challenges to Saudi Arabia as they work toward elimination by 2015.