Analyzing spatial and temporal variability of annual water‐energy balance in nonhumid regions of China using the Budyko hypothesis
Analyzing spatial and temporal variability of annual water‐energy balance in nonhumid regions of China using the Budyko hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1029/2006wr005224
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发表时间：
2007-04
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Dawen Yang;F. Sun;Zhiyu Liu;Z. Cong;G. Ni;Z. Lei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawen Yang;F. Sun;Zhiyu Liu;Z. Cong;G. Ni;Z. Lei
基于中国108个非湿润流域气候和流量的长时间序列，利用Budyko假设分析了年水能平衡的时空变化特征。对于108个集水区水平衡的长期平均值和年平均值，Fu从Budyko假设推导出的公式得到了证实。从单年水平衡优化得到的傅氏方程中参数ω值与从长期平均水平衡校正得到的傅氏方程具有较高的相关性和较小的系统误差，表明傅氏方程可用于预测区域水平衡的年际变化。研究发现，除了年度气候条件外，年水能平衡的区域格局还与相对入渗能力（Ks/ir）、土壤相对储水量（Smax/E0）和平均坡度（tan β）密切相关。这使人们能够从集水区特征中估计参数，而无需从长时间的水平衡序列中进行校准。提出了用无量纲景观参数表示该参数的经验公式。将Fu方程与该经验公式估算的参数ω ω结合应用表明，Fu方程能够准确预测实际蒸散的长期平均值和年际值，合理预测径流的长期平均值和年际变率。这意味着傅方程可以用于预测未测量流域的年水平衡。
On the basis of long time series of climate and discharge in 108 nonhumid catchments in China this study analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of annual water‐energy balance using the Budyko hypothesis. For both long‐term means and annual values of the water balances in the 108 catchments, Fu's formula derived from the Budyko hypothesis is confirmed. A high correlation and relatively small systematic error between the values of parameter ϖ in Fu's equation optimized from the water balance of individual year and calibrated from the long‐term mean water balance show that Fu's equation can be used for predicting the interannual variability of regional water balances. It has been found that besides the annual climate conditions the regional pattern of annual water‐energy balance is also closely correlated with the relative infiltration capacity (Ks/ir), relative soil water storage (Smax/E0), and the average slope (tan β). This enables one to estimate the parameter ϖ from catchment characteristics without calibration from the long time series of water balances. An empirical formula for the parameter ϖ in terms of the dimensionless landscape parameters is proposed. Applications of Fu's equation together with the parameter ϖ estimated by this empirical formula have shown that Fu's equation can predict both long‐term mean and annual value of actual evapotranspiration accurately and predict both long‐term mean and interannual variability of runoff reasonably. This implies that the Fu's equation can be used for predicting the annual water balance in ungauged basins.