Remediation Technologies for Marine Oil Spills: A Critical Review and Comparative Analysis
Remediation Technologies for Marine Oil Spills: A Critical Review and Comparative Analysis
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DOI：
10.3844/ajessp.2011.423.440
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发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Dave;A. Ghaly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Dave;A. Ghaly
问题陈述：人为活动通过陆上流失的石油、船只事故、定期油轮排放和舱底排放污染海洋。石油泄漏是影响人类、植物和野生动物(包括鸟类、鱼类和哺乳动物)的环境灾难。方法：本研究回顾了防止溢油和应对灾害的国际指南，并讨论了溢油的特点。评价了各种溢油应急方法的优缺点。利用成本、效率、时间、对野生动物的影响、可靠性、难度、石油采收率、天气、对石油的物理化学性质的影响和进一步处理的需要等10个评价标准，对现有的修复技术进行了比较分析。每种回答方法的优缺点被用来确定分配给该方法的分数。结果：有许多针对单个国家的政府规定，作为近海环境中石油泄漏的预防措施。它们与近海环境中使用的设备和机械的设计以及进行必要的安全检查有关。应对漏油的主要目标是：防止漏油移到岸上，减少对海洋生物的影响，并加速任何未回收的石油的降解。有几种物理、化学、热和生物修复技术，包括围栏、撇油器、吸附剂、分散剂、就地燃烧和生物修复。每种技术都有其优缺点，具体技术的选择将取决于：石油类型、溢油的物理、生物和经济特征、地点、天气和海况、溢出量和泄漏率、水柱深度、一年中的时间和技术的有效性。结论：通过对比分析，机械采油和使用分散剂后再进行生物修复是应对海上溢油最有效的方法。
Problem statement: Anthropogenic activities pollute the oceans with oil through land run off, vessels accidents, periodic tanker discharges and bilge discharges. Oil spills are environmental disasters that impact human, plants and wild life including birds, fish and mammals. Approach: In this study, the International Guidelines for Preventing Oils Spills and Response to Disasters were reviewed and the characteristics of oil spills were discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of various oil spill response methods were evaluated. A comparative analysis were performed on the currently available remediation technologies using 10 evaluation criteria that included cost, efficiency, time, impact on wild life, reliability, level of difficulty, oil recovery, weather, effect on physical/chemical characteristics of oil and the need for further treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of each response method were used to determine the score assigned to that method. Results: There are many government regualtions for individual countries that serve as prevention mesures for oil spills in the offshore environment. They have to do with the design of equipment and machinery used in the offshore environment and performing the necessary safety inspections. The primary objectives of response to oil spill are: to prevent the spill from moving onto shore, reduce the impact on marine life and speed the degradation of any unrecovered oil. There are several physical, chemical, thermal and biological remediation technologies for oil spills including booms, skimmers, sorbents, dispersants, in-situ burning and bioremediation. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages and the choice of a particular technique will depend on: type of oil, physical, biological and economical characteristics of the spill, location, weather and sea conditions, amount spilled and rate of spillage, depth of water column, time of the year and effectiveness of technique. Coclusion: Based on the comparative analysis, oil recovery with mechanical methods and the application of dispersants followed by bioremediation is the most effective response for marine oil spill.