History matters: societal acceptance of deep-sea mining and incipient conflicts in Papua New Guinea
History matters: societal acceptance of deep-sea mining and incipient conflicts in Papua New Guinea
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DOI：
10.1007/s40152-023-00318-0
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发表时间：
2023-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Vave，R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
van Putten，E. I.;Aswani，S.;Vave，R.
新的海洋产业根据对其产品不断变化的需求而发展壮大，有可能对脆弱的海洋环境造成压力。这些新兴产业可以使当地社区受益，但同样也会产生负面的环境和社会文化影响。深海海底采矿等新兴产业的发展需要当地社区的接受和参与。然而，海洋开发的历史充满了工业和当地社区之间的冲突。本文介绍了一个在巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）的DSM案例研究，以激发围绕在追求从深海开采资源的潜在冲突以及这些开采可能造成的社会和环境危害的辩论。为此，我们首先介绍了构成巴布亚新几内亚DSM Solwara 1项目开发背景的本地和外地事件以及有利条件的时间轴。然后，我们进行了媒体叙事分析，以考虑社会可接受性方面的贡献，这一高度复杂和多规模的冲突。我们发现，缺乏（或减少）的社会可接受性促成了冲突局势，并最终消亡的Solwara 1项目。在当地以外，最初的开发是围绕使用新技术的脱碳解决方案进行的。随着时间的推移，国际非政府组织的行动、与外国公司有关的财务问题以及太平洋岛国与全球企业之间权力平衡的不对称，都在对可接受性的负面看法日益增加方面发挥了作用。以往环境采矿灾害的历史经验，加上海洋保有权治理方面的挑战，以及社区和利益攸关方缺乏接受，也导致了该项目的失败。解开和辩论这些复杂的相互作用提供了在地方范围内缺乏社会接受与全球北方对帝斯曼产品创新技术和脱碳社会的需求之间的紧张关系的背景和原因。更好地理解这些相互作用和紧张关系可以帮助新兴产业在未来的蓝色经济中导航。
New marine industries that develop and grow in response to the changing demand for their products have the potential to exert pressure on fragile marine environments. These emerging industries can benefit local communities but equally can have negative environmental and socio-cultural impacts. The development of new and emerging industries, like deep seabed mining (DSM), requires the acceptance and involvement of local communities. Yet, the history of marine exploitation is imbued with conflicts between industries and local communities. This paper presents a DSM case study in Papua New Guinea (PNG) to stimulate debate around the potential for conflict in the pursuit of resource extraction from the deep sea and the social and environmental harm that these extractions can cause. We do so by first presenting a timeline of local and extra-local events and enabling conditions that form the development background for the DSM Solwara 1 project in PNG. We then undertake a media narrative analysis to consider the contribution of aspects of social acceptability to this highly complex and multi-scale conflict. We find that the lack of (or a decrease in) social acceptability contributed to the conflict situation and ultimately the demise of the Solwara 1 project. Extra-locally, the initial development was positively framed around solutions for decarbonisation using new technology. Over time, actions by international NGOs, financial issues related to foreign companies, and asymmetry in the power balance between the Pacific Island nation and global businesses played a role in growing negative perceptions of acceptability. Historical experiences with prior environmental mining disasters, together with sea tenure governance challenges, and a lack of community and stakeholder acceptance also contributed to the demise of the project. Untangling and debating these complex interactions provides context and reasons for the tension between the lack of societal acceptance at a local scale and the perceived need for DSM products in the global North for innovative technologies and decarbonising societies. Better understanding these interactions and tensions can help emerging industries navigate a future blue economy.