Delayed reinforcement hinders subsequent extinction
Delayed reinforcement hinders subsequent extinction
复制标题
延迟强化会阻碍随后的灭绝
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.101
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Matsumoto Nobuyoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shibata Yusuke;Yoshimoto Airi;Yamashiro Kotaro;Ikegaya Yuji;Matsumoto Nobuyoshi
在操作性条件反射中，动物将自己的行为与一个刺激物联系起来，行为反应的概率增加。这种学习形式被称为强化。相比之下，当先前强化的反应不再与一个增强器配对时，这些反应最终会消失。强化的有效性主要取决于反应和反应之间的时间间隔，但人们并不完全理解间隔如何影响随后的灭绝。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了电刺激大鼠内侧前脑束（MFB），大脑奖励系统的一部分，和一个操作任务，其中MFB电刺激0.1秒（即时条件）或1秒（延迟条件）后，大鼠的鼻子被戳。在任务期的前半部分（强化期），鼻戳与MFB刺激相关。相比之下，在下半年（灭绝期），我们没有刺激MFB，不管鼻子戳。我们发现，大鼠表现出增加鼻子戳行为在强化期间在这两种条件下，而在灭绝期间，鼻子戳更持久的延迟条件比在即时条件。消退期的持续反应与强化期的反应无关。因此，强化和消退是由独立的神经机制驱动的。
In operant conditioning, animals associate their own behavior with a reinforcer, and the probability of the behavioral responses is increased. This form of learning is called reinforcement. In contrast, when the previously reinforced responses are no longer paired with a reinforcer, these responses are eventually extinguished. The effectiveness of reinforcement depends primarily on time intervals between reinforcers and responses, but it is not fully understood how the intervals affect subsequent extinction. To address this question, we performed electrical stimulation of the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a part of the brain reward system, and an operant task in which the MFB was electrically stimulated 0.1 s (immediate condition) or 1 s (delayed condition) after the rat's nose was poked. During the first half of the task period (a reinforcement period), nose pokes were associated with MFB stimulation. In contrast, during the second half (an extinction period), we did not stimulate the MFB irrespective of nose pokes. We found that rats exhibited increased nose-poke behaviors during the reinforcement period under both conditions, whereas during the extinction period, nose pokes were more persistent in the delayed condition than in the immediate condition. The persistent responses in the extinction period were independent of responses in the reinforcement period. Therefore, reinforcement and extinction are driven by independent neural mechanisms.