Influences of forest fires on the permafrost environment: A review
Influences of forest fires on the permafrost environment: A review
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森林火灾对多年冻土环境的影响：综述
DOI：
10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.001
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jia N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li X;Jin H;Wang H;Marchenko SS;Shan W;Luo D;He R;Spektor V;Huang Y;Li X;Jia N
在北方和北极地区，森林火灾对生物地球化学过程、活动层和近地表永久冻土的热液动力学以及随后的营养循环产生了重大影响。本文综述了森林火灾对多年冻土环境影响的研究进展。这些研究表明，森林火灾可能导致永久冻土不可逆转的退化，北方森林的演替，土壤碳储量的迅速损失，以及危险的冰缘地貌增加。森林火灾后，土壤温度升高，活动层增厚，土壤碳、氮释放增强，植被由针叶林向阔叶林、灌丛或草地转变。如果可能的话，受火灾干扰的生态系统和永久冻土环境可能需要几十年甚至几个世纪的时间才能恢复到火灾前的状态。在北方森林中，有机层的厚度对多年冻土和植被的变化有重要影响。此外，气候变暖、植被变化、回火间隔缩短、火势范围的扩大和火势的加剧都可能改变受火灾影响的多年冻土环境的变化轨迹。然而，对气候变化下森林火灾、植被、碳循环和冻土之间的关系和相互作用机制的观测和研究，仍然不足以进行系统的影响评估。通过测量不同地点不同阶段冻土环境的变化(可能代表多年冻土退化的不同阶段和模式)来评估时间变化的时序法，多源数据同化、模型预测和模拟应与长期和短期实地调查、地球物理调查和航空调查、实验室测试和遥感的结果相结合。未来的研究可能在所需的时空尺度上定量评估和预测气候变暖条件下有机层、冻土和活跃层过程、植被和土壤碳之间的反馈关系和影响机制。北方和北方森林生态系统的不可逆变化及其生态和热液阈值，如森林火灾引起的变化，应得到更好和系统的研究。
In boreal and arctic regions, forest fires exert great influences on biogeochemical processes, hydrothermal dynamics of the active layer and near-surface permafrost, and subsequent nutrient cycles. In this article, the studies on impacts of forest fires on the permafrost environment are reviewed. These studies indicate that forest fires could result in an irreversible degradation of permafrost, successions of boreal forests, rapid losses of soil carbon stock, and increased hazardous periglacial landforms. After forest fires, soil temperatures rise; active layer thickens; the release of soil carbon and nitrogen enhances, and; vegetation changes from coniferous forests to broad-leaved forests, shrublands or grasslands. It may take decades or even centuries for the fire-disturbed ecosystems and permafrost environment to return to pre-fire conditions, if ever possible. In boreal forest, the thickness of organic layer has a key influence on changes in permafrost and vegetation. In addition, climate warming, change of vegetation, shortening of fire return intervals, and extent of fire range and increasing of fire severity may all modify the change trajectory of the fire-impacted permafrost environment. However, the observations and research on the relationships and interactive mechanisms among the forest fires, vegetation, carbon cycle and permafrost under a changing climate are still inadequate for a systematic impact evaluation. Using the chronosequence approach of evaluating the temporal changes by measuring changes in the permafrost environment at different stages at various sites (possibly representing varied stages of permafrost degradation and modes), multi-source data assimilation and model predictions and simulations should be integrated with the results from long- and short-term field investigations, geophysical investigations and airborne surveys, laboratory testing and remote sensing. Future studies may enable quantitatively assess and predict the feed-back relationship and influence mechanism among organic layer, permafrost and active layer processes, vegetation and soil carbon under a warming climate at desired spatial and temporal scales. The irreversible changes in the boreal and artic forest ecosystem and their ecological and hydrothermal thresholds, such as those induced by forest fires, should be better and systematically studied.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
GIOVANNINI, G;LUCCHESI, S;GIACHETTI, M
通讯作者：
GIACHETTI, M
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
S. Baets;M. J. V. D. Weg;R. Lewis;N. Steinberg;J. Meersmans;T. Quine;G. Shaver;I. Hartley
通讯作者：
S. Baets;M. J. V. D. Weg;R. Lewis;N. Steinberg;J. Meersmans;T. Quine;G. Shaver;I. Hartley
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
L. Provencher;Jacquelyn C. Campbell;Janet L. Nachlinger
通讯作者：
L. Provencher;Jacquelyn C. Campbell;Janet L. Nachlinger
影响因子：
4
作者：
Xuan Zhou;Huiguo Sun;J. Pumpanen;Outi‐Maaria Sietiö;J. Heinonsalo;Kajar Köster;F. Berninger
通讯作者：
Xuan Zhou;Huiguo Sun;J. Pumpanen;Outi‐Maaria Sietiö;J. Heinonsalo;Kajar Köster;F. Berninger
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Chapin, FS;McGuire, AD;Running, SW
通讯作者：
Running, SW