Antiarrhythmic drugs: electrophysiological actions.
Antiarrhythmic drugs: electrophysiological actions.
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抗心律失常药物：电生理作用。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pa.11.040171.001043
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发表时间：
1971
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Hoffman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Bassett;B. Hoffman
在过去的二十年里，几种新的实验方法应用于心脏电生理学的研究，使人们对影响心率和节律的正常和异常过程有了更好的理解[1-4]。这些方法已经被药理学家和其他人用来评估或解释抗心律失常药物的可能或实际临床用途。一种方法是确定特定药物对心脏组织制剂中单个分离细胞记录的跨膜动作电位的影响(2，3)。这种制剂允许在去除组织对神经和体液的大多数影响的条件下直接研究药物的电生理作用。虽然这类研究非常有价值，但微电极记录技术的一个主要局限性是，它可能无法提供有关药物的重要间接作用的信息；例如，奎尼丁和普鲁卡因酰胺对药物具有迷走神经松解作用。完整动物的窦房结细胞和心房纤维(5)。体内药物作用研究的一个主要技术进步是开发了记录和刺激电极，用于急性和慢性植入实验动物的心脏(6)。使用它们可以直接展示心脏的正常兴奋和传导，以及这些特性和兴奋性如何因药物作用而改变(7，8)。还开发了其他有用的技术来记录起搏器和特殊心肌细胞的顺序活动(9)。另一种方法是通过监测急性和长期植入电极的心电图和记录来确定一种药物在抑制实验室动物各种实验引起的心律失常方面的有效性(10)。对使用这些不同方法的实验数据的分析并不能保证人们可以肯定地预测一种药物是否将成为有用的临床制剂，因为例如，毒性不是通过这样的程序确定的。怎么-
The application of several new experimental methods to the study of the electrophysiology of the heart has resulted, over the past two decades, in a better understanding of the normal and abnormal processes that can influ ence cardiac rate and rhythm (1-4). These methods have been used by pharmacologists and others to evaluate or explain the possible or actual clinical usefulness of antiarrhythmic drugs. One approach has been to de termine the effect of a particular drug on the transmembrane action poten tials recorded from single isolated cells in preparations of cardiac tissue (2, 3). Such preparations allow the direct study of electrophysiological actions of a drug under conditions in which the tissue is removed from most neural and humoral influences. While such studies are extremely valuable, a major limitation of the microelectrode recording technique is that it may not give information on an important indirect action of a drug; for example, quini dine and procaine amide have a vagolytic action on. sinus node cells and atrial fibers in the intact animal (5). A major technical advance for in vivo studies of drug action was the development of recording and stimulating electrodes for acute and chronic implantation in the hearts of laboratory animals (6) . Their use permits a direct demonstration of normal excitation and conduction in the heart and how these properties and excitability may be altered by drug action (7, 8). There are other useful techniques which have been developed to record sequential activity of pacemaker and special ized cardiac cells (9). Another approach is to determine the effectiveness of a drug in suppressing various experimentally induced arrhythmias in labo ratory animals by monitoring the electrocardiogram and records from acutely and chronically implanted electrodes (10). Analysis of data from experiments utilizing these various methods does not guarantee that one can predict with certainty whether or not a drug will be a useful clinical agent since, for example, toxicity is not determined from such procedures. How-