How to extend the chart of nuclides?
How to extend the chart of nuclides?
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DOI：
10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00046-7
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Adamian;N. V. Antonenko;N. V. Antonenko;A. Diaz-Torres;S. Heinz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Adamian;N. V. Antonenko;N. V. Antonenko;A. Diaz-Torres;S. Heinz
在过去的85年中，已知的核素数量增加了10倍以上，导致目前已知的118种元素的4000种同位素。这一可观的进展，我们归功于新的反应类型的发现，沿着发展的强大的加速剂和实验技术的分离和鉴定的反应产物。模型预测表明，还有大约4000种核素等待着被发现。最广阔的未探索领域位于核素图上半部分的中子丰富侧，隐藏着一些核物理学最基本问题的答案，如核稳定性的极限，宇宙中的元素合成或恒星演化。目前，由于可用的束流强度和/或缺乏适当的产生和识别方法，对这些核的获取受到限制。后者特别涉及超铀元素和超重元素的新的富中子同位素。为了扩大这一领域，目前的希望是基于多核子转移反应和放射性离子束聚变反应的应用。但是这些方法有多大的前景呢？基于对当今知识的调查，我们将讨论我们目前在核素图表上走向新领域的旅程中所处的位置，未来获得新领域的机会如何以及我们将面临哪些挑战。
In the past 85 years the number of known nuclides increased by more than a factor of ten, resulting in 4000 presently known isotopes of 118 elements. This considerable progress we owe to the discovery of new reaction types along with the development of powerful accelerators and experimental techniques for separation and identification of reaction products. Model predictions indicate that still about 4000 further nuclides are waiting for their discovery. The vastest unexplored territory is located on the neutron-rich side in the upper half of the chart of nuclides and hides the answers to some of the most fundamental questions of nuclear physics like the limits of nuclear stability, element synthesis in the universe or stellar evolution. The access to these nuclei is presently limited by available beam intensities and/or the lack of appropriate methods for their production and identification. The latter concerns particularly new neutron-rich isotopes of transuranium and superheavy elements. To extend this area, the hope is presently based on multinucleon transfer reactions and on the application of fusion reactions with radioactive ion beams. But how promising are these approaches? Based on a survey of present-day knowledge, we will treat the questions where we currently are on our journey towards new territory on the chart of nuclides, how the chances are to gain new territory in the future and which challenges we will have to face.