Occurrence of pharmaceutically active and non-steroidal estrogenic compounds in three different wastewater recycling schemes in Australia
Occurrence of pharmaceutically active and non-steroidal estrogenic compounds in three different wastewater recycling schemes in Australia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.069
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Schaefer, Andrea I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al-Rifai, Jawad H.;Gabefish, Candace L.;Schaefer, Andrea I.
研究发现，天然和合成化学物质（以激素和药物的形式）以及大量家庭和工业应用的化合物，可以通过废水处理厂进入环境，并导致各种环境和健康问题（即使浓度非常低），这表明需要改进水的回收利用。澳大利亚的三个废水回收计划，其中两个采用反渗透（RO）技术，另一个采用臭氧化和生物活性炭过滤，已对其去除痕量有机污染物（包括 I）的能力进行了研究。 I 药物活性化合物和两种非甾体雌激素化合物。使用灵敏的分析方法测定污染物浓度，该方法包括固相萃取、衍生化和使用选择离子监测的 GC 和 MS。原废水中镇痛药和非甾体抗炎药物的浓度与世界各地废水中的浓度相当。值得注意的是，这三个方案的去除效率均优于文献值，并且反渗透在污染物去除中所占比例最大。反渗透膜浓缩许多化合物的能力得到了证明，并强调需要继续研究监测废水处理、浓缩物处置、改进水回收方案，并最终实现更安全的水和更清洁的环境。 (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The discovery that natural and synthetic chemicals, in the form of excreted hormones and pharmaceuticals, as well as a vast array of compounds with domestic and industrial applications, can enter the environment via wastewater treatment plants and cause a wide variety of environmental and health problems -even at very low concentrations, suggests the need for improvement of water recycling.Three Australian wastewater recycling schemes, two of which employ reverse osmosis (RO) technology, the other applying ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, have been studied for their ability to remove trace organic contaminants including I I pharmaceutically active compounds and two non-steroidal estrogenic compounds. Contaminant concentrations were determined using a sensitive analytical method comprising solid phase extraction, derivatization and GC with MS using selected ion monitoring. In raw wastewater, concentrations of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications were comparable to those found in wastewaters around the world. Remarkably, removal efficiencies for the three schemes were superior to literature values and RO was responsible for the greatest proportion of contaminant removal. The ability of RO membranes to concentrate many of the compounds was demonstrated and highlights the need for continued research into monitoring wastewater treatment, concentrate disposal, improved water recycling schemes and ultimately, safer water and a cleaner environment. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.