Additive multiple predator effects can reduce mosquito populations
Additive multiple predator effects can reduce mosquito populations
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DOI：
10.1111/een.12791
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发表时间：
2019-08-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Dick, Jaimie T. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cuthbert, Ross N.;Callaghan, Amanda;Dick, Jaimie T. A.
1. 多种捕食者的相互作用可能会深刻地改变生态群落动态，并可能使简单的配对捕食者-猎物相互作用强度的预测复杂化。特别是，多重捕食者效应可能会减少或增加被捕食者的风险，从而影响群落水平的稳定性。这种突现效应可能会调节天敌对目标生物的药效。2. 本研究采用功能反应方法量化了天敌对病媒库蚊群的紧急多重捕食效应。通过比较基于个体捕食率的多捕食者捕食模拟结果与实验观察到的多捕食者捕食率，定量研究了圆足桡足巨眼巨眼（Macrocyclops albidus）（中间捕食者）的同种多捕食者-捕食者相互作用。此外，该研究还研究了更高营养水平的捕食者黄藻（Chaoborus flavicans）对桡足类捕食的影响。3. 两种捕食者均表现出II型功能反应，黄颡鱼个体对猎物的消耗明显大于白蠓个体。蚊子的总体消耗水平随着捕食者密度和丰富度的增加而增加。褐纹夜蛾同种间未发现拮抗或协同涌现的多重捕食者效应，且高级捕食者并未降低中级捕食者的效应。因此，发现了多捕食者相互作用的证据。4. 摆线桡足类与杂纹蠓幼虫之间不存在捕食干扰，为二者联合应用于蚊虫生物防治提供了有力支持。建议在评估天敌效力时加强对多种捕食者效应的检查，以更好地了解社区内的总体捕食效应和病媒控制的效用。
1. Multiple predator interactions may profoundly alter ecological community dynamics and can complicate predictions of simpler pairwise predator-prey interaction strengths. In particular, multiple predator effects may lessen or enhance prey risk, with implications for community-level stability. Such emergent effects may modulate natural enemy efficacy towards target organisms. 2. In the present study, a functional response approach was used to quantify emergent multiple predator effects among natural enemies towards the disease vector mosquito complex, Culex pipiens. Conspecific multiple predator-predator interactions of the cyclopoid copepod Macrocyclops albidus (intermediate predator) were quantified by comparing multiple predator consumption simulations, based on individual consumption rates, with multiple predator consumption rates that were experimentally observed. Further, the study examined the influence of the presence of a predator at a higher trophic level, Chaoborus flavicans, on copepod group predation. 3. Both predators displayed type II functional responses, with C. flavicans consuming significantly more prey than M. albidus individually. Overall consumption levels of mosquitoes increased with greater predator density and richness. Antagonistic or synergistic emergent multiple predator effects between conspecifics of M. albidus were not detected, and the higher-level predator did not reduce effects of the intermediate predator. Accordingly, evidence for additive multiple predator interactions was found. 4. The lack of predator-predator interference between cyclopoid copepods and larval chaoborid midges provides strong support for their combined application in mosquito biocontrol. It is proposed that there should be increased examination of multiple predator effects in assessments of natural enemy efficacies to better understand overall predatory effects within communities and utilities in vector control.