Dictionary use by English language learners
Dictionary use by English language learners
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英语学习者对词典的使用
DOI：
10.1017/s0261444813000402
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
H. Nesi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Nesi
对词典使用的研究并没有很长的历史。尽管出版商在 20 世纪 60 年代认识到“词典在设计时应考虑到一组特殊的用户”（Householder 1967：279），但在 20 世纪 80 年代之前，实证用户研究极少 - Welker 的最新调查（2010）仅列出了 6 个。 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代词典内容和设计的巨大变化推动了人们对这一领域的兴趣激增，这些变化在面向英语作为外语学习者的词典（通常称为“学习者词典”）中尤为明显。几年之内，被普遍认为是最早的高级学习词典（1942 年以不同名称首次出版，随后于 1948 年、1963 年、1974 年和 1989 年各版）的牛津高级学习词典迎来了两个新的竞争对手：朗文当代英语词典（第一版 1978 年，第二版 1987 年）和 COBUILD 英语词典（1987 年）。 1995年，这三本高级学习词典都推出了新版本，第四本——剑桥国际英语词典也推出了。这些词典有时被称为“四大词典”（Bogaards 1996、De Schryver 2012 等），借鉴了东欧词汇描述传统、美国儿童词典的插图实践以及英语教学法的见解。每个都有自己独特的布局和定义风格，引发了大量的比较研究，旨在帮助用户做出适当的购买选择，并帮助出版商进一步改进他们的设计，例如通过改变条目微观结构。第五本这样的词典，即《麦克米伦高级英语词典》，于 2002 年问世。
Research into dictionary use does not have a long history. Although publishers recognised in the 1960s that ‘dictionaries should be designed with a special set of users in mind’ (Householder 1967: 279) there were extremely few empirical user studies before the 1980s – Welker's most recent survey (2010) lists only six. The subsequent surge of interest in this field was fuelled by big changes to dictionary content and design in the 1980s and 1990s, changes that were particularly evident in dictionaries for learners of English as a foreign language, conventionally known as ‘learners’ dictionaries’. In the space of a few years the Oxford advanced learner's dictionary, generally considered to be the earliest advanced learners’ dictionary (first published under a different title in 1942, with subsequent editions in 1948, 1963, 1974 and 1989) was joined by two new competitors: the Longman dictionary of contemporary English (first edition 1978, second edition 1987) and the COBUILD English dictionary (1987). In 1995 all three of these advanced learners’ dictionaries brought out new editions, and a fourth, the Cambridge international dictionary of English, was launched. These dictionaries, sometimes referred to as ‘the big four’ (Bogaards 1996, De Schryver 2012 and others), drew on Eastern European traditions of lexical description, the illustrative practices of American children's dictionaries, and insights from English language teaching pedagogies. Each had its own distinctive layout and defining style, prompting a spate of comparative studies intended to help users make appropriate purchasing choices, and to help publishers improve their design still further, for example by changes to the entry microstructure. A fifth such dictionary, the Macmillan English dictionary for advanced learners, appeared in 2002.