A Survey of Phthalates and Parabens in Personal Care Products from the United States and Its Implications for Human Exposure
A Survey of Phthalates and Parabens in Personal Care Products from the United States and Its Implications for Human Exposure
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DOI：
10.1021/es4042034
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发表时间：
2013-12-17
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Ying;Kannan, Kurunthachalam
尽管邻苯二甲酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯在个人护理产品（pcp）中的广泛使用，但人们对这些化合物的浓度和特征以及人类通过使用pcp暴露于这些化合物的情况知之甚少。在这项研究中，在170种pcp（41种冲洗式和109种免洗式）中测定了9种邻苯二甲酸酯和6种对羟基苯甲酸酯，其中包括从纽约州奥尔巴尼收集的20种婴儿护理产品。邻苯二甲酸酯在冲洗后的pcp中较少发现，但在香水中更常见（邻苯二甲酸二乙酯[DEP]的检测频率为100%，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯[DBP]的检测频率为67%），皮肤爽肤水（DEP为90%）和指甲油（DBP为90%）。防腐剂。在40%的冲洗产品和60%的免洗产品中发现了这种物质。DEP、DBP、甲基- (MeP)、乙基- (EtP)、丙基- (PrP)和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（BuP）的最高浓度约为1000 μ g / g。根据ppcp的使用量和使用频率以及目标分析物的测量中位数浓度，计算出成年女性邻苯二甲酸酯和对羟基苯甲酸酯的总皮肤摄入剂量（所有邻苯二甲酸酯或对羟基苯甲酸酯的总和）分别为0.37和31.0 μ g/kg-bw/粘土。婴儿和学步儿童皮肤中邻苯二甲酸盐的摄入量低于成年女性。相比之下，婴儿和幼儿从pcp中摄取的对羟基苯甲酸酯的皮肤量高于成年女性。婴儿和幼儿从pcp中获得的MeP、EtP和PrP的最大日暴露剂量在58.6 ~ 766 μ g/kg-bw/天之间，是成年女性的3倍。pcp是人类接触对羟基苯甲酸酯的重要来源；除DEP外，pcp对邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的贡献很小。
Despite the widespread usage of phthalates and parabens in personal care products (PCPs), little is known about concentrations and profiles as well as human exposure to these compounds through the use of PCPs. In this study, nine phthalates and six parabens were determined in 170 PCPs (41 rinse-off and 109 leave-on), including 20 baby care products collected from Albany, New York. Phthalates were less frequently found in rinse-off PCPs but were more frequently found in perfumes (detection frequency of 100% for diethyl phthalate [DEP], 67% for dibutyl phthalate [DBP]), skin toners (90% for DEP), and nail polishes (90% for DBP). Parabens. were found in similar to 40% of rinse-off products and similar to 60% of leave-on products. The highest concentrations of DEP, DBP, methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (PrP), and butyl parabens (BuP) were on the order of 1000 mu g per gram of the product. On the basis of amount and frequency of use of PCPs and the measured median concentrations of target analytes, the total dermal intake doses (sum of all phthalates or parabens) were calculated to be 0.37 and 31.0 mu g/kg-bw/clay for phthalates and parabens, respectively, for adult females. The calculated dermal intake of phthalates from PCPs was lower for infants and toddlers than for adult females. In contrast, dermal intake of parabens from PCPs by infants and toddlers was higher than that for adult females. The calculated maximum daily exposure dose of MeP, EtP, and PrP from PCPs ranged between 58.6 and 766 mu g/kg-bw/day for infants and toddlers, which was 3 times higher than that calculated for adult females. PCPs are an important source of human exposure to parabens; the contribution of PCPs to phthalate exposure is low, except for DEP.