Roles of diffusion patterns, technological progress, and environmental benefits in determining optimal renewable subsidies in the US
Roles of diffusion patterns, technological progress, and environmental benefits in determining optimal renewable subsidies in the US
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DOI：
10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121840
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
T. B. Tibebu;E. Hittinger;Q. Miao;Eric Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. B. Tibebu;E. Hittinger;Q. Miao;Eric Williams
在本文中，我们开发了一个综合模型，以确定最佳的清洁能源技术补贴计划，最大限度地提高社会效益少补贴成本。该模型使用历史成本，采用和排放数据，并考虑到补贴的环境和技术进步效益。还提出了另一种分析模型，以分析影响补贴设计的关键技术特征。我们专注于三个重要因素，在确定补贴使用清洁能源技术的社会效益：价格（或成本）的敏感性采用，诱导通过学习降低成本，和环境效益。我们量化了这三个因素的不同配置文件如何导致在美国13个电网地区的公用事业风能和住宅太阳能发电的质量不同的最佳补贴计划。结果表明，公用事业风力发电的最佳补贴时间表取决于该地区，从20 -60美元/兆瓦时开始，并且随着时间的推移大致恒定。相比之下，最佳住宅太阳能补贴要么随着时间的推移而下降（从8 -70美元/兆瓦时开始），要么不可取（零补贴）。结果表明，公用事业风能的最佳补贴是合理的，主要是通过直接的环境效益，不像住宅太阳能光伏发电的补贴主要是合理的间接技术进步的好处。
In this paper we develop an integrated model to identify optimal subsidy schedules for clean energy technologies that maximize social benefits less subsidy costs. The model uses historical cost, adoption, and emissions data and accounts for both environmental and technological progress benefits of the subsidy. An alternative analytical model is also presented to analyze key technological features affecting subsidy design. We focus on three important factors in determining the social benefits of subsidizing the use of clean energy technology: the price (or cost) sensitivity of adoption, induced cost reductions through learning, and environmental benefits. We quantify how distinct profiles of these three factors result in qualitatively different optimal subsidy plans for utility wind and residential solar power in 13 electricity grid regions in the US. Results show that optimal subsidy schedules for utility wind depend on the region, starting at $20–60/MWh, and are roughly constant over time. In contrast, optimal residential solar subsidies either decline over time (starting from $8–70/MWh) or are not desirable (subsidy of zero). The results imply that the optimal subsidy for utility wind is justified mainly through the direct environmental benefits, unlike residential solar PV in which the subsidy is primarily justified by indirect technological progress benefits.