Phosgene oxime: Injury and associated mechanisms compared to vesicating agents sulfur mustard and lewisite
Phosgene oxime: Injury and associated mechanisms compared to vesicating agents sulfur mustard and lewisite
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.011
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Tewari-Singh, Neera
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goswami, Dinesh Giri;Agarwal, Rajesh;Tewari-Singh, Neera
光气肟（CX，Cl2hocH）是一种卤代肟，是一种强效化学武器，可立即引起急性损伤和全身效应。CX与起疱剂组合在一起，是一种具有高度挥发性、反应性、腐蚀性和刺激性蒸汽的瘙痒剂或荨麻剂，与其他起疱剂相比具有相当不同的化学性质和毒性。CX通过衣服快速吸收，与其他起泡剂相比，皮肤渗透更快，造成瞬时和严重的损害。因此，它可以与其他化学战剂混合制成武器，以增强其有害影响。CX的直接破坏性影响和易于合成使其成为具有军事和恐怖主义潜力的危险化学品。虽然CX是最有效的起泡剂，但它是研究最少的化学战剂之一，其病理生理学以及长期影响在很大程度上是未知的。暴露于CX会立即引起疼痛和炎症，主要影响皮肤、眼睛和呼吸系统。没有针对CX诱导的损伤的解毒剂，治疗仅为支持性治疗。这篇综述总结了现有的知识，暴露，毒性和可能的潜在机制CX相比，其他重要的vesicants的曝光。
Phosgene Oxime (CX, Cl2CNOH), a halogenated oxime, is a potent chemical weapon that causes immediate acute injury and systemic effects. CX, grouped together with vesicating agents, is an urticant or nettle agent with highly volatile, reactive, corrosive, and irritating vapor, and has considerably different chemical properties and toxicity compared to other vesicants. CX is absorbed quickly through clothing with faster cutaneous penetration compared to other vesicating agents causing instantaneous and severe damage. For this reason, it could be produced as a weaponized mixture with other chemical warfare agents to enhance their deleterious effects. The immediate devastating effects of CX and easy synthesis makes it a dangerous chemical with both military and terrorist potentials. Although CX is the most potent vesicating agent, it is one of the least studied chemical warfare agents and the pathophysiology as well as long term effects are largely unknown. CX exposure results in immediate pain and inflammation, and it mainly affects skin, eye and respiratory system. There are no antidotes available against CX-induced injury and the treatment is only supportive. This review summarizes existing knowledge regarding exposure, toxicity and the probable underlying mechanisms of CX compared to other important vesicants' exposure.