Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in Rome, Italy
Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in Rome, Italy
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DOI：
10.1183/09031936.01.00005501
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
24.3
通讯作者：
Perucci, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fusco, D;Forastiere, F;Perucci, CA
关于颗粒物空气污染与急诊室就诊或因呼吸道疾病和哮喘入院治疗之间的关联的大部分证据来自美国。欧洲的时间序列分析表明，气态空气污染物是呼吸系统疾病急性住院的重要决定因素，至少与颗粒物质量同样重要。研究了悬浮颗粒物的日平均水平与气态污染物(二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、臭氧)之间的关系。分析了1995-1997年间罗马大都会地区因呼吸系统疾病入院的每日急诊人数。所有年龄段的居民和0-14岁儿童的总呼吸系统疾病(43例.day(-1))、肺炎(18.day(-1))、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)(13.day(-1))和哮喘(4.5day(-1))等急性呼吸道感染患者的每日住院数被分析。广义加性模型包括学习日的三次光滑函数、平均温度、平均湿度、流感流行、以及一周中每一天和节假日的指标变量，总呼吸系统入院数与相同时期、NO2水平(2.5%，每四分位数(IQR)变化增加22.3微米(-3))和CO(每IQR增加2.8%，1.5mg.m(-3))显著相关。没有发现颗粒物和二氧化硫的影响，而O-3只与儿童的入院有关(滞后1，5.5%，每IQR增加，23.9微米(3))。NO2对急性呼吸机、感染(滞后0，增加4.0%)和儿童哮喘(滞后1，增加10.7%)的影响较大。所有年龄段的哮喘和脐带患者入院仅与当天的CO水平相关(分别增加5.5%和4.3%)。多污染物模型证实了CO在包括哮喘和COPD在内的所有呼吸道入院中的作用，以及NO2在急性呼吸道感染中的作用，在儿童中，O-3仍然是急性呼吸道感染的强烈指标，一氧化碳和光化学污染物(二氧化氮、臭氧)似乎是罗马急性呼吸道疾病的决定因素，因为一氧化碳和二氧化氮是交通相关来源燃烧产物的良好指标，检测到的效果可能是由于未测量的细和超细颗粒物造成的。
Most of the evidence regarding the association between particulate air pollution and emergency room visits or hospital admissions for respiratory conditions and asthma comes from the USA. European time-series analyses have suggested that gaseous air pollutants are important determinants of acute hospitalization for respiratory conditions, at least as important as particulate mass. The association between daily mean levels of suspended particles and gaseous pollutants (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone) was examined. The daily emergency hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in the metropolitan area of Rome during 1995 - 1997,were also recorded.Daily counts of hospital admissions for total respiratory conditions (43 admissions .day(-1)), acute respiratory infections including pneumonia (18.day(-1)), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (13.day(-1)), and asthma (4.5.day(-1)) among residents of all ages and among children (0-14 yrs) were analysed, The generalized additive models included spline smooth functions of the day of study, mean temperature, mean humidity, influenza epidemics, and indicator variables for day of the week and holidays,Total respiratory admissions were significantly associated with same-da, level of NO2 (2.5%, increase per interquartile range (IQR) change, 22.3 mug.m(-3)) and CO (2.8% increase per IQR, 1.5 mg.m(-3)). No effect was found for particulate matter and SO2, whereas O-3 was associated with admissions only among children (lag 1, 5.5%, increase per IQR, 23.9 mug.m(3)). The effect of NO2 was stronger on acute respirator!, infections (lag 0, 4.0% increase) and on asthma among children (lag 1, 10.7% increase). The admissions for all ages for asthma and CORD were associated only with same-day level of CO (5.5% and 4.3% increase, respectively). Multipollutant models confirmed the role of CO on all respiratory admissions, including asthma and COPD, and that of NO2 on acute respiratory infections, Among children, O-3 remained a strong indicator of acute respiratory infections,Carbon monoxide and photochetnical pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, ozone) appear to he determinants of acute respiratory conditions in Rome, Since carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are good indicators of combustion products from traffic related sources, the detected effect may be due to unmeasured fine and ultrafine particles.