ENTITLEMENTS, RIGHTS, AND FAIRNESS - AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF SUBJECTS CONCEPTS OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
ENTITLEMENTS, RIGHTS, AND FAIRNESS - AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF SUBJECTS CONCEPTS OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
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DOI：
10.1086/467773
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
SPITZER, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HOFFMAN, E;SPITZER, ML
这篇论文报道的这项研究源于作者之前进行的一项实验研究。那项研究涉及两个受试者之间达成的交易，这两个受试者拥有相反的收益函数，并且完全了解对方的收益。通过掷硬币，参与者可以单方面选择一个不合作的结果：掷硬币的赢家可以简单地选择一个结果，这个结果给了他12美元，而另一个受试者什么都没有，无论输家是否同意。然而，如果两名受试者合作，他们可以从实验者那里获得14美元，这笔钱可以以任何双方同意的方式在受试者之间平分。合作博弈论预测，参与者将合作，并将回报从13美元分配到1美元(纳什讨价还价的解决方案：从贸易中获得2美元的收益平均分配)。根据游戏规则，在任何情况下，掷硬币的获胜者都不应该低于12美元。
THE research reported in this paper arose from a previous experimental study conducted by the authors.'That study involved bargains struck between two subjects who had opposing payoff functions and full information of one another's payoffs. By a flip of a coin one participant could choose a noncooperative outcome, unilaterally: the winner of the coin toss could simply choose an outcome which gave him $12 and left the other subject nothing, whether or not the loser agreed. However, if the two subjects cooperated, they could obtain from the experimenter $14, which could be split between the subjects in any mutually agreed-on manner. Cooperative game theory predicts that the subjects will cooperate and divide the rewards $13 to $1 (the Nash bargaining solution: an even division of the $2 gain from trade). Under no circumstances should the winner of the coin flip settle for less than $12, according to game