The rogue poster-children of universal design: closed captioning and audio description
The rogue poster-children of universal design: closed captioning and audio description
复制标题
通用设计的流氓海报儿童：隐藏式字幕和音频描述
DOI：
10.1080/09544820903310691
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
D. Fels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Udo;D. Fels
要遵循通用设计理论的原则，产品或服务的设计不仅要考虑尽可能多的潜在用户和用途，而且要从概念上考虑。因此，对设计的创作和改编的控制应属于原始设计者的职权范围。隐藏字幕(CC)一直被吹捧为设计或电子路缘切割的优秀范例，因为它是为聋人或重听人设计的系统，但许多人在体育馆或酒吧等嘈杂环境中使用它来收看电视，或者学习第二语言。音频描述可能会有类似的图像。在这篇文章中，我们将展示与CC和音频描述相关的过程和实践，以其当前的形式，如何违反通用设计的一些主要原则，因此不是很好的例子。此外，我们将引入替代流程和一套做法，使电视、电影和现场活动的导演能够通过将CC和音频描述整合到制作过程中来控制CC和音频描述。通过这样做，我们将证明CC和音频描述值得导演关注和创造性输入，而不是在过程的最后附加，通常只是为了满足监管或立法要求。
To abide by the tenets of universal design theory, the design of a product or service needs not only to consider the inclusion of as many potential users and uses as possible but also to do so from conception. Control over the creation and adaptation of the design should, therefore, fall under the purview of the original designer. Closed captioning (CC) has always been touted as an excellent example of a design or electronic curb cut because it is a system designed for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, yet is used by many others for access to television in noisy environments such as gyms or pubs, or to learn a second language. Audio description is poised to have a similar image. In this paper, we will demonstrate how the processes and practices associated with CC and audio description, in their current form, violate some of the main principles of universal design and are thus not such good examples of it. In addition, we will introduce an alternative process and set of practices through which directors of television, film and live events are able to take control of CC and audio description by integrating them into the production process. In doing so, we will demonstrate that CC and audio description are worthy of directorial attention and creative input rather than being tacked on at the very end of the process, and usually only to meet regulatory or legislative mandates.