The lunar surface-exosphere connection: Measurement of secondary-ions from Apollo soils

The lunar surface-exosphere connection: Measurement of secondary-ions from Apollo soils
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月球表面与外逸层的联系:阿波罗土壤中二次离子的测量

DOI:
10.1016/j.icarus.2014.11.032
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Baragiola, R.A.
Baragiola, R.A.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dukes, C.A.;Baragiola, R.A.

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由太阳风喷射出的低能二次离子是环绕无空气天体的稀薄外太空层的重要组成部分,因为这些离子携带着行星表面成分的信息。在这项工作中,我们研究二次离子丰度的依赖关系,作为能量和质量的函数,表面组成。两个阿波罗土壤(10084和62231)和合成康宁玻璃月球模拟物的表面成分进行了测量与X射线光电子能谱和相关的二次离子从相同的土壤喷射的光谱由4 keV的He离子。XPS分析表明,月壤表面成分与月壤体相类似,但富Fe和O,贫Mg和Ca。4 keV的He照射月球土壤和玻璃模拟物优先去除O和Si,丰富的Al,Ti,Mg和Ca的表面。4keV He从阿波罗土壤中喷出的二次离子种类包括Na+、Mg+、Al+、Si+、Ca+、Ca++、Ti+、Fe+和分子种类NaO+、MgO+和SiO+。月壤10084和62231的二次离子能量分布迅速上升,分子离子和Na+在~ 15 eV处达到最大值,Fe+在~ 7.5eV处达到最大值,Mg+、Al+、Si+、Ca+和Ti+在~ 10 eV处达到最大值,然后随着能量的增加而缓慢下降。我们提出了依赖于物种的相对转换因子的原子表面组成的推导从二次离子计数率为4千电子伏的He照射月球土壤10084和62231,以及康宁玻璃月球模拟。
Low energy secondary ions ejected by the solar wind are an important component of tenuous exospheres surrounding airless bodies, since these ions carry information on the planetary surface composition. In this work we examine the dependence of secondary-ion abundance, as a function of energy and mass, on surface composition. The surface compositions of two Apollo soils (10084 and 62231) and a synthetic Corning glass lunar simulant were measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and correlated with the spectra of secondary-ions ejected from the same soils by 4 keV He ions. XPS spectra for lunar soils show that the surface compositions are similar to the bulk, but enriched in Fe and O, while depleted in Mg and Ca. 4 keV He irradiation on the lunar soils and a glass simulant preferentially removes O and Si, enriching the surface in Al, Ti, Mg, and Ca. Secondary-ion species ejected from the Apollo soils by 4 keV He include: Na+, Mg+, Al+, Si+, Ca+, Ca++, Ti+, Fe+, and molecular species: NaO+, MgO+and SiO+. Secondary ion energy distributions for lunar soil 10084 and 62231 rise rapidly, reach a maxima at ∼5 eV for molecular ions and Na+, ∼7.5 eV for Fe+, and ∼10 eV for Mg+, Al+, Si+, Ca+and Ti+, then decrease slowly with energy. We present species-dependent relative conversion factors for the derivation of atomic surface composition from secondary-ion count rates for 4 keV He irradiation of lunar soils 10084 and 62231, as well as the Corning glass lunar simulant.
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