Walk on the wild side: estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas.
Walk on the wild side: estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002074
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发表时间:
2015-02
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Manica A
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Balmford A;Green JM;Anderson M;Beresford J;Huang C;Naidoo R;Walpole M;Manica A
How often do people visit the world’s protected areas (PAs)? Despite PAs covering one-eighth of the land and being a major focus of nature-based recreation and tourism, we don’t know. To address this, we compiled a globally-representative database of visits to PAs and built region-specific models predicting visit rates from PA size, local population size, remoteness, natural attractiveness, and national income. Applying these models to all but the very smallest of the world’s terrestrial PAs suggests that together they receive roughly 8 billion (8 x 109) visits/y—of which more than 80% are in Europe and North America. Linking our region-specific visit estimates to valuation studies indicates that these visits generate approximately US $600 billion/y in direct in-country expenditure and US $250 billion/y in consumer surplus. These figures dwarf current, typically inadequate spending on conserving PAs. Thus, even without considering the many other ecosystem services that PAs provide to people, our findings underscore calls for greatly increased investment in their conservation. A new global analysis indicates that between them, the world’s protected areas receive approximately 8 billion visits each year, with an economic value of hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
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影响因子:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
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影响因子:
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影响因子:
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1221370110
发表时间:
2013-07-16
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
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通讯作者:
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