Walk on the wild side: estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas.

Walk on the wild side: estimating the global magnitude of visits to protected areas.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002074
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发表时间:
2015-02
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Manica A
Manica A
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Balmford A;Green JM;Anderson M;Beresford J;Huang C;Naidoo R;Walpole M;Manica A

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人们多久参观一次世界保护区(PA)?尽管保护区覆盖了八分之一的土地,是以自然为基础的娱乐和旅游的主要焦点,我们不知道。为了解决这个问题,我们编制了一个具有全球代表性的访问PA的数据库,并建立了特定区域的模型,从PA规模,当地人口规模,偏远程度,自然吸引力和国民收入预测访问率。将这些模型应用于世界上所有的陆地PA,但最小的PA表明,它们总共接收大约80亿(8 x 109)次访问/年,其中80%以上在欧洲和北美。将我们对特定区域的访问估计与估值研究相联系表明,这些访问每年产生约6000亿美元的国内直接支出和2500亿美元的消费者盈余。这些数字使目前通常用于保护保护保护区的支出不足相形见绌。因此,即使不考虑保护区为人们提供的许多其他生态系统服务,我们的研究结果也强调了对保护区投资的巨大需求。一项新的全球分析表明,在它们之间,世界保护区每年接待约80亿人次的访问,每年的经济价值达数千亿美元。
How often do people visit the world’s protected areas (PAs)? Despite PAs covering one-eighth of the land and being a major focus of nature-based recreation and tourism, we don’t know. To address this, we compiled a globally-representative database of visits to PAs and built region-specific models predicting visit rates from PA size, local population size, remoteness, natural attractiveness, and national income. Applying these models to all but the very smallest of the world’s terrestrial PAs suggests that together they receive roughly 8 billion (8 x 109) visits/y—of which more than 80% are in Europe and North America. Linking our region-specific visit estimates to valuation studies indicates that these visits generate approximately US $600 billion/y in direct in-country expenditure and US $250 billion/y in consumer surplus. These figures dwarf current, typically inadequate spending on conserving PAs. Thus, even without considering the many other ecosystem services that PAs provide to people, our findings underscore calls for greatly increased investment in their conservation. A new global analysis indicates that between them, the world’s protected areas receive approximately 8 billion visits each year, with an economic value of hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
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