Top Down or Bottom Up? A Cross-National Study of Vertical Occupational Sex Segregation in Twelve European Countries
Top Down or Bottom Up? A Cross-National Study of Vertical Occupational Sex Segregation in Twelve European Countries
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自上而下还是自下而上？
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2006489
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Karin Gottschall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andreas Schäfer;Ingrid Tucci;Karin Gottschall
本文从性别意识和“支持妇女”政策的角度对不同福利制度和政治经济进行比较评估，确定了十二个西欧国家妇女从事高级职业机会的跨国差异的决定因素。特别强调服务部门的规模和结构，包括妇女在公共就业中的比例以及工会密度和就业保护等结构性因素。男性和女性之间的比较的第一个层面集中于较高职位层次中的性别代表性，而在第二部分中，我们扩大了分析范围，比较了高地位职业和低工资就业中的女性，以便对性别和阶级互动进行更细致的研究。第一个分析基于 2002 年、2004 年、2006 年和 2008 年的欧洲社会调查数据，捕捉了职业动态的最新趋势。结果表明，总体而言，大型服务部门和高工会密度增加了妇女从事高地位职业的机会，而更具体地说，大型公共部门有助于减少妇女进入低工资就业的机会。因此，顶层的平等很可能与底层的不平等相结合，正如英国等职业等级高度两极分化的后工业国家所表明的那样。
Starting with a comparative assessment of different welfare regimes and political economies from the perspective of gender awareness and "pro-women" policies, this paper identifies the determinants of cross-national variation in women's chances of being in a high-status occupation in twelve West European countries. Special emphasis is given to size and structure of the service sector, including share of women in public employment and structural factors such as trade union density and employment protection. The first level of comparison between men and women concentrates on gender representation in the higher echelons of the job hierarchy, while in the second section we extend the scope of analysis, comparing women in high-status occupations and low-wage employment in order to allow for a more nuanced study of gender and class interaction. The first analysis is based on European Social Survey data for the years 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008, capturing recent trends in occupational dynamics. Results indicate that in general a large service sector and a high trade union density enhance women's chances of being in high-status occupations while more specifically a large public sector helps to reduce channeling women into low-wage employment. Thus, equality at the top can well be paired with inequality at the bottom, as postindustrial countries with a highly polarized occupational hierarchy such as the UK show.