Justice Sensitivity as a Risk and Protective Factor in Social Conflicts
Justice Sensitivity as a Risk and Protective Factor in Social Conflicts
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-19035-3_6
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nadine Thomas;A. Baumert;Manfred J. Schmitt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nadine Thomas;A. Baumert;Manfred J. Schmitt
每个人对不公正现象的感知程度和反应程度都有所不同。这些差异在不同类型的不公正现象中都是一致的，并且随着时间的推移而保持稳定。因此，这些模式被视为一种称为正义敏感性的人格特质。这种特质可以分为四个方面，与个人在正义冲突中所扮演的相应角色相匹配：受害者敏感性、观察者敏感性、受益者敏感性和施暴者敏感性。多项研究表明，观察者、受益者和施害者的敏感性彼此高度相关，而与受害者的敏感性只有微弱的相关性。对观察者、受益者和犯罪者敏感的个人似乎主要关心为他人伸张正义。从这个意义上说，这些敏感性代表了有助于建设性解决冲突和防止冲突升级的潜在因素。相比之下，对受害者敏感的人似乎更关心为自己伸张正义。因此，一些研究表明，受害者敏感性会促进反社会行为。受害人敏感者的反社会行为似乎有两个作用：首先，受害人敏感者以前曾遭受过无辜的受害，因此他们会做出自私行为，以平衡个人正义账户。其次，由于害怕被欺骗，他们会对那些可能欺骗他们的人进行预防性打击。这两种动机和机制都是社会、组织和生态冲突的潜在风险。
Individuals differ in how readily they perceive and how strongly they react to injustice. These differences are consistent across types of injustice and are stable across time. Thus, these patterns are seen as a personality trait called justice sensitivity. This trait can be differentiated into four facets that match with corresponding roles individuals take on in a justice conflict: victim sensitivity, observer sensitivity, beneficiary sensitivity, and perpetrator sensitivity. Several studies have shown that observer, beneficiary, and perpetrator sensitivity are highly correlated with each other and only weakly correlated with victim sensitivity. Observer-, beneficiary-, and perpetrator-sensitive individuals seem to be primarily concerned with justice for others. In this sense, these sensitivities represent potential factors that help in constructive conflict resolution and in the prevention of conflict escalation. By contrast, victim-sensitive people seem to have a predominant interest in justice for themselves. Accordingly, several studies have shown that victim sensitivity promotes antisocial behavior. The antisocial behavior of victim-sensitive people seems to serve two functions: First, having suffered from innocent victimization previously, victim-sensitive individuals commit selfish behavior in order to balance their personal justice account. Second, in fear of being cheated, they engage in preventive strikes against those who might cheat them. Both of these motives and mechanisms are potential risks for social, organizational, and ecological conflicts.