Comparison of Filters for Concentrating Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Lake Water Samples
Comparison of Filters for Concentrating Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Lake Water Samples
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/aem.03117-12
复制
发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lindquist, H. D. Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Francy, Donna S.;Stelzer, Erin A.;Lindquist, H. D. Alan
细菌指标被用来表明病原体对健康的风险增加，并作出海滩关闭和咨询决定;然而，很少监测海滩本身的病原体。需要对海滩病原体的来源和类型进行研究，以改善对游泳相关健康风险的估计。特别是对于在区域范围内进行的研究来说，使用一种可以同时从检测病原体所需的大量水中过滤和浓缩所有类别病原体的方法将是有利的和具有成本效益的。在7个恢复实验中，将病毒和原生动物的储备培养物接种到10升湖水样品中，并使用天然存在的细菌指示剂的浓度来确定回收率。对于测试的五种过滤方法，最高中位回收率如下：（4.7%）; NanoCeram用于肠道病毒（14.5%）和MS 2大肠杆菌噬菌体（84%）;连续流离心（CFC）加Virocap（CFC+ViroCap）用于大肠埃希菌（68.3%）和隐孢子虫（54%）;诺如病毒GII的自动超滤（UF）粪肠球菌（80.5%）、禽流感病毒（0.02%）和贾第虫（57%）的死端UF。在回收率和变异性方面评价过滤器性能时，自动UF导致所有9种微生物的回收率最高，同时保持低变异性。自动超滤被用来证明过滤可以扩大到现场部署和收集200升湖水样品。
Bacterial indicators are used to indicate increased health risk from pathogens and to make beach closure and advisory decisions; however, beaches are seldom monitored for the pathogens themselves. Studies of sources and types of pathogens at beaches are needed to improve estimates of swimming-associated health risks. It would be advantageous and cost-effective, especially for studies conducted on a regional scale, to use a method that can simultaneously filter and concentrate all classes of pathogens from the large volumes of water needed to detect pathogens. In seven recovery experiments, stock cultures of viruses and protozoa were seeded into 10-liter lake water samples, and concentrations of naturally occurring bacterial indicators were used to determine recoveries. For the five filtration methods tested, the highest median recoveries were as follows: glass wool for adenovirus (4.7%); NanoCeram for enterovirus (14.5%) and MS2 coliphage (84%); continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC) plus Virocap (CFC+ViroCap) for Escherichia coli (68.3%) and Cryptosporidium (54%); automatic ultrafiltration (UF) for norovirus GII (2.4%); and dead-end UF for Enterococcus faecalis (80.5%), avian influenza virus (0.02%), and Giardia (57%). In evaluating filter performance in terms of both recovery and variability, the automatic UF resulted in the highest recovery while maintaining low variability for all nine microorganisms. The automatic UF was used to demonstrate that filtration can be scaled up to field deployment and the collection of 200-liter lake water samples.