The impact of bilingual environments on selective attention in infancy
The impact of bilingual environments on selective attention in infancy
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DOI：
10.1111/desc.12797
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Adler, Scott A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Comishen, Kyle J.;Bialystok, Ellen;Adler, Scott A.
双语已经被观察到影响整个生命周期的认知过程，但双语环境是否对婴儿期的选择性注意和注意策略有影响仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在研究1中，暴露于单语或双语环境中的婴儿参与了眼动追踪提示任务，在该任务中，他们看到中央呈现的刺激，然后是出现在屏幕左侧或右侧的目标。在试验进行到一半时，中枢刺激可靠地预测了目标的位置。在研究2中，前半部分试验由预测目标位置的中央呈现线索组成;在后半部分，线索与目标位置关系发生了变化。所有的婴儿在研究1中表现相似，但在研究2中，在双语环境中长大的婴儿，而不是单语环境，能够成功地更新他们的期望，使更正确的预期眼球运动的目标，并表示更快的反应性眼球lavery对目标在切换后的条件。婴儿同时处理和对比两种语言的复杂环境的经验可以解释为什么在双语环境中长大的婴儿比在单语环境中长大的婴儿有更大的注意力控制。
Bilingualism has been observed to influence cognitive processing across the lifespan but whether bilingual environments have an effect on selective attention and attention strategies in infancy remains an unresolved question. In Study 1, infants exposed to monolingual or bilingual environments participated in an eye-tracking cueing task in which they saw centrally presented stimuli followed by a target appearing on either the left or right side of the screen. Halfway through the trials, the central stimuli reliably predicted targets' locations. In Study 2, the first half of the trials consisted of centrally presented cues that predicted targets' locations; in the second half, the cue-target location relation switched. All infants performed similarly in Study 1, but in Study 2 infants raised in bilingual, but not monolingual, environments were able to successfully update their expectations by making more correct anticipatory eye movements to the target and expressing faster reactive eye latencies toward the target in the post-switch condition. The experience of attending to a complex environment in which infants simultaneously process and contrast two languages may account for why infants raised in bilingual environments have greater attentional control than those raised in monolingual environments.