Deconstructing Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1983 - 2013

Deconstructing Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1983 - 2013
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解构 1983 年至 2013 年美国家庭财富趋势

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发表时间:
2016
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通讯作者:
E. Wolff
E. Wolff
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作者:
E. Wolff

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我使用消费者财务调查(SCF)来分析1983年至2013年的财富趋势。资产价格在2007年至2010年期间暴跌,但随后在2010年至2013年反弹。从2007年到2010年,财富中位数下降了44%,财富不平等急剧加剧。这两种变化可以追溯到中产阶级家庭的高杠杆率,他们的投资组合中房屋的高份额,以及房价的下跌。根据SCF的数据,尽管资产价格有所回升,但从2010年到2013年,财富中位数和财富不平等几乎没有变化。基于“伪面板”的分解分析表明,对于中间的三个财富五分位数,资本重估几乎解释了1983-1989年、1989-2001年、2001-2007年、2007-2010年和2010-2013年期间模拟平均财富的所有变化,隐性储蓄为负。用P99/P2080比值的变化来衡量的不平等趋势,在很大程度上反映了收入最高的1%和中间的三个财富五分之一之间的回报率和储蓄率差异。在1983-1989年间,高收入群体较高的储蓄率解释了所有的增长。在1989-2001年、2001-2007年和2010-2013年期间,他们较高的储蓄率导致了P99/P2080比率的上升,但这被中等收入群体较高的回报率所抵消,后者降低了不平等。在2007-2010年间,高收入群体较高的储蓄率和他们较高的回报率对P99/P2080比值的上升贡献大致相同。
I use the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to analyze wealth trends from 1983 to 2013. Asset prices plunged between 2007 and 2010 but then rebounded from 2010 to 2013. Median wealth plummeted by 44 percent over years 2007 to 2010 and wealth inequality was up sharply. These two movements can be traced to the high leverage of middle class families, the high share of homes in their portfolio, and the drop in house prices. There was virtually no change in median wealth and wealth inequality from 2010 to 2013 according to the SCF despite the recovery in asset prices. A decomposition analysis based on “pseudo-panels” indicates that for the middle three wealth quintiles, capital revaluation explained virtually all of the change in simulated mean wealth over the 1983-1989, 1989-2001, 2001-2007, 2007-2010, and 2010-2013 periods, and implicit savings were negative. Trends in inequality as measured by the change in the P99/P2080 ratio largely reflected differences in rates of return and savings rates between the top one percent and the middle three wealth quintiles. Over 1983-1989, the higher savings rate of the top group explained all the increase. Over 1989-2001, 2001-2007, and 2010-2013, their higher savings rate led to an increase in the P99/P2080 ratio but this was offset by the higher rate of return of the middle group, which lowered inequality. Over years 2007-2010, both the higher savings rate of the top group and their higher rate of return contributed about equally to the rise in the P99/P2080 ratio.