Recent advances in metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for lipid overproduction
Recent advances in metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for lipid overproduction
复制标题
解脂耶氏酵母脂质过量生产代谢工程的最新进展
DOI：
10.1002/ejlt.201700352
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Ji Xiao-Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zeng Si-Yu;Liu Hu-Hu;Shi Tian-Qiong;Song Ping;Ren Lu-Jing;Huang He;Ji Xiao-Jun
非传统酵母Yarrowia lipolytica由于其优异的脂质积累能力而受到越来越多的关注。微生物油脂由于其作为膳食补充剂、化妆品添加剂、油脂化学品和用于生产化石燃料的可再生原料的广泛应用而引起了广泛的兴趣。随着全基因组测序技术的发展，许多有效的遗传工具，包括转化系统、启动子系统、基因组整合和基因组编辑工具，已经在Y.解脂促进脂质的过度产生。它可以通过上调合成前体和脂质合成途径、下调或破坏竞争途径（如β-氧化）以及消除抑制因子进行基因工程改造，以实现高脂质生产。本文综述了近年来Y. Lipolytica对脂质和脂质衍生化学品的过度生产进行了总结。油脂生物合成的前景。根据目前的进展，挑战和趋势，在这一领域进行了讨论。实际应用：对气候变化的普遍关注，油价危机，以及对可再生能源的研究越来越多，推动生物脂质成为化石燃料的有前途的替代品。在过去的几十年里，微生物脂质已被广泛应用于膳食补充剂，化妆品添加剂，油脂化学品和用于生产化石燃料的可再生原料。非常规酵母Yarrowia lipolytica由于其大量合成微生物脂质的能力而成为生产微生物脂质的有吸引力的代谢工程宿主。本文综述了Y.本文综述了在解脂菌中利用多种生物合成途径有效地将碳源转化为脂质的代谢工程研究进展。脂质和三酰甘油酯生物合成的示意图，包括Y中脂肪酸的天然和异源生物合成途径。解脂
The non‐conventional yeastYarrowia lipolyticahave been receiving growing attention due to its excellent lipid accumulation capacity. Microbial lipid have attracted widespread interest due to their broad applications as dietary supplements, cosmetic additives, oleochemicals, and renewable starting materials for the production of fossil fuel. With the development of whole‐genome sequencing, many effective genetic tools, including transformation systems, promoter systems, genomic integration and genome editing tools, have been applied inY. lipolyticato enhance the overproduction of lipid. It can be genetically engineered for high lipid production via the upregulation of synthetic precursor and lipid synthesis pathways, the downregulation or disruption of competing pathways such as β‐oxidation, and elimination of inhibitory factors. In this review, the lipid metabolism, available genetic tools, and recent advances in metabolic engineering ofY. lipolyticafor the overproduction of lipid and lipid‐derived chemicals is summarized. Future prospects of lipid biosynthesis inY. lipolyticaare discussed in light of the current progress, challenges, and trends in this field. Guidelines for future studies are also proposed.Practical Applications: General concerns about climate change, oil price crisis, and the increasing study for renewable energy are driving bio‐lipid as promising alternatives to fossil fuel. Over the past few decades, microbial lipid have been widely applied in dietary supplements, cosmetic additives, oleochemicals, and renewable starting materials for the production of fossil fuel. The non‐conventional yeastYarrowia lipolyticahave become an attractive metabolic engineering host for the production of microbial lipids due to its ability to synthesize them in large quantities. This review illuminates the lipid biosynthesis and degradation ofY. lipolytica, and summarizes the metabolic engineering efforts which have targeted a variety of biosynthetic biosynthetic pathway to efficiently convert carbon source to lipid in oleaginousY. lipolytica.Schematic diagram of lipid and triacylglyceride biosynthesis, including the native and heterologous biosynthesis pathways of fatty acids inY. lipolytica.