Konzo and continuing cyanide intoxication from cassava in Mozambique
Konzo and continuing cyanide intoxication from cassava in Mozambique
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.056
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Bradbury, J. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cliff, J.;Muquingue, H.;Bradbury, J. H.
在莫桑比克，据报告与干旱或战争有关的与木薯有关的麻痹病konzo流行：1981年有1100多例，1992-1993年有600多例，2005年有100多例。还报告了较小的流行病和散发病例。在农业危机时期，在木薯收获期间，当人们依赖于加工不足的苦木薯的饮食时，会发生大规模流行病。近藏主要影响育龄妇女和2岁以上儿童。经测量，在流行病期间和随后几年，konzo患者的血清或尿液硫氰酸盐浓度很高，表明氰化物中毒。对konzo地区学龄儿童尿硫氰酸盐浓度的监测显示，在木薯收获季节，尿硫氰酸盐浓度持续偏高。在流行病期间和之后不久，无机硫酸盐浓度一直很低。预防konzo的方案侧重于分发毒性较低的木薯品种和传播新的加工方法，如格栅法和面粉湿法。应注意非洲区域农业发展和粮食安全的更广泛问题，这些区域对苦木薯的依赖导致慢性氰化物中毒和不断出现的konzo。(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
In Mozambique, epidemics of the cassava-associated paralytic disease, konzo, have been reported in association with drought or war: over 1100 cases in 1981, over 600 cases in 1992-1993, and over 100 cases in 2005. Smaller epidemics and sporadic cases have also been reported.Large epidemics have occurred at times of agricultural crisis, during the cassava harvest, when the population has been dependent on a diet of insufficiently processed bitter cassava. Konzo mostly affects women of child-bearing age and children over 2 years of age.When measured, serum or urinary thiocyanate concentrations, indicative of cyanide poisoning, have been high in konzo patients during epidemics and in succeeding years. Monitoring of urinary thiocyanate concentrations in schoolchildren in konzo areas has shown persistently high concentrations at the time of the cassava harvest. Inorganic sulphate concentrations have been low during and soon after epidemics.Programmes to prevent konzo have focused on distributing less toxic varieties of cassava and disseminating new processing methods, such as grating and the flour wetting method. Attention should be given to the wider question of agricultural development and food security in the regions of Africa where dependence on bitter cassava results in chronic cyanide intoxication and persistent and emerging konzo. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.