International union of pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors.
International union of pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2000-03
影响因子：
21.1
通讯作者：
P. Murphy;M. Baggiolini;I. Charo;C. Hébert;R. Horuk;K. Matsushima;L. Miller;J. Oppenheim;C. Power-C.
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Murphy;M. Baggiolini;I. Charo;C. Hébert;R. Horuk;K. Matsushima;L. Miller;J. Oppenheim;C. Power-C.
趋化因子受体包括在不同细胞类型中差异表达的七个跨膜结构域G蛋白偶联受体的大家族。生物活性在白细胞中已被最清楚地定义，其中趋化因子协调发育、分化、解剖分布、运输和效应器功能，从而调节先天性和适应性免疫应答。趋化因子受体的药理学分析处于发展的早期阶段。由于病原体分别利用CCR 5和Duffy进入细胞，已在人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征和间日疟原虫疟疾中确定了疾病指征。在炎性和免疫介导的疾病中出现了其他适应症，但在该领域的靶点选择仍然有些推测性。已经报道了18种已知趋化因子受体中的7种具有纳摩尔亲和力的小分子拮抗剂，但尚未在临床试验中进行研究。病毒编码的趋化因子受体，以及趋化因子激动剂和拮抗剂，和趋化因子清除剂已被确定在医学上重要的痘病毒和疱疹病毒，再次强调了微生物发病机制中的趋化因子系统的重要性，并可能确定特定的策略，用于调节趋化因子的作用治疗。本综述的目的是更新趋化因子系统的生物学和药理学的当前概念，总结关于每个趋化因子受体的关键信息，并描述一个被广泛接受的受体命名系统，由国际药理学联合会批准，这是促进在这一领域的明确沟通。
Chemokine receptors comprise a large family of seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors differentially expressed in diverse cell types. Biological activities have been most clearly defined in leukocytes, where chemokines coordinate development, differentiation, anatomic distribution, trafficking, and effector functions and thereby regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Pharmacological analysis of chemokine receptors is at an early stage of development. Disease indications have been established in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and in Plasmodium vivax malaria, due to exploitation of CCR5 and Duffy, respectively, by the pathogen for cell entry. Additional indications are emerging among inflammatory and immunologically mediated diseases, but selection of targets in this area still remains somewhat speculative. Small molecule antagonists with nanomolar affinity have been reported for 7 of the 18 known chemokine receptors but have not yet been studied in clinical trials. Virally encoded chemokine receptors, as well as chemokine agonists and antagonists, and chemokine scavengers have been identified in medically important poxviruses and herpesviruses, again underscoring the importance of the chemokine system in microbial pathogenesis and possibly identifying specific strategies for modulating chemokine action therapeutically. The purpose of this review is to update current concepts of the biology and pharmacology of the chemokine system, to summarize key information about each chemokine receptor, and to describe a widely accepted receptor nomenclature system, ratified by the International Union of Pharmacology, that is facilitating clear communication in this area.