From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?
From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12856
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
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纤维的大小和排列在肌肉的运动和能量表现中起着决定性的作用。纤维结构和性能之间的外推支持我们对肌肉功能的理解，以及它们如何适应物种内和物种间的特定运动。在这里，我们提供了一个概要，这种“纤维功能”的范例已被应用于了解肌肉的设计，性能和适应动物。我们的综述强调了纤维功能范式在不同生物学科中的广泛应用，但也揭示了过去研究中存在的潜在和高度普遍的局限性。具体来说，我们发现，肌肉结构特性的量化几乎普遍基于极少数的纤维测量。尽管对肌肉特性的研究量很大，但在不同的研究学科中，一小部分纤维测量值可以准确表示肌肉的结构特性的基本假设从未被定量测试过。随后，我们使用医学成像，统计分析和基于物理的计算机模拟的组合来首次解决这个问题。通过结合扩散张量成像（DTI）和确定性纤维束成像，我们快速生成了大量的纤维测量（>3000）的个人下肢肌肉。通过对这些测量结果的统计子采样模拟，我们证明，分析先前研究中通常使用的少量纤维（n < 25）可能会导致整体肌肉结构特性（如平均纤维长度和生理横截面积）的表征出现极大的误差。通过人类行走和跳跃的动态肌肉骨骼模拟，我们证明了纤维结构表征中的恢复误差对物种内体内动力学和肌纤维功能的定量预测具有重要意义。此外，通过将数据子采样模拟应用于人类和黑猩猩肌肉功能的比较，我们证明了误差幅度会显著影响肌肉特化的定性和定量评估，可能会产生关于肌肉在物种和进化过渡中的绝对和相对适应性的高度错误结论。我们的研究结果对于广泛多样的研究领域如何量化肌肉结构和解释肌肉功能具有深远的意义。
The size and arrangement of fibres play a determinate role in the kinetic and energetic performance of muscles. Extrapolations between fibre architecture and performance underpin our understanding of how muscles function and how they are adapted to power specific motions within and across species. Here we provide a synopsis of how this ‘fibre to function’ paradigm has been applied to understand muscle design, performance and adaptation in animals. Our review highlights the widespread application of the fibre to function paradigm across a diverse breadth of biological disciplines but also reveals a potential and highly prevalent limitation running through past studies. Specifically, we find that quantification of muscle architectural properties is almost universally based on an extremely small number of fibre measurements. Despite the volume of research into muscle properties, across a diverse breadth of research disciplines, the fundamental assumption that a small proportion of fibre measurements can accurately represent the architectural properties of a muscle has never been quantitatively tested. Subsequently, we use a combination of medical imaging, statistical analysis, and physics‐based computer simulation to address this issue for the first time. By combining diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and deterministic fibre tractography we generated a large number of fibre measurements (>3000) rapidly for individual human lower limb muscles. Through statistical subsampling simulations of these measurements, we demonstrate that analysing a small number of fibres (n < 25) typically used in previous studies may lead to extremely large errors in the characterisation of overall muscle architectural properties such as mean fibre length and physiological cross‐sectional area. Through dynamic musculoskeletal simulations of human walking and jumping, we demonstrate that recovered errors in fibre architecture characterisation have significant implications for quantitative predictions of in‐vivo dynamics and muscle fibre function within a species. Furthermore, by applying data‐subsampling simulations to comparisons of muscle function in humans and chimpanzees, we demonstrate that error magnitudes significantly impact both qualitative and quantitative assessment of muscle specialisation, potentially generating highly erroneous conclusions about the absolute and relative adaption of muscles across species and evolutionary transitions. Our findings have profound implications for how a broad diversity of research fields quantify muscle architecture and interpret muscle function.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
ALEXANDER, RM;MALOIY, GMO;WARUI, CN
通讯作者：
WARUI, CN
影响因子：
2
作者：
ALEXANDER, RM;JAYES, AS;WATHUTA, EM
通讯作者：
WATHUTA, EM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Antón, SC
通讯作者：
Antón, SC
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Abrams, GD;Ward, SR;Lieber, RL
通讯作者：
Lieber, RL
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
BASSETT, RW;BROWNE, AO;AN, KN
通讯作者：
AN, KN