Time projection chambers for the T2K near detectors
Time projection chambers for the T2K near detectors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2011.02.036
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Zito, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abgrall, N.;Andrieu, B.;Zito, M.
T2K 实验旨在通过将日本东海 J-PARC 产生的高强度中微子束引导至 295 公里外的日本神冈大型超级神冈探测器来研究中微子振荡特性。该实验包括位于中微子产生目标下游 280 m 的复杂的近探测器复合体，以便测量中微子束的特性并更好地了解中微子在低于几 GeV 的能量尺度上的相互作用。近探测器的一个关键元件是 ND280 跟踪器，它由两个主动闪烁体棒目标系统组成，周围环绕着三个用于带电粒子跟踪的大型时间投影室 (TPC)。跟踪器收集的数据用于研究振荡之前的带电电流中微子相互作用速率和运动学，以减少远探测器振荡测量的不确定性。跟踪器被前 UA1/NOMAD 偶极磁铁包围，TPC 测量穿过它们的带电粒子的电荷、动量和粒子类型。 TPC 设计的新颖特点包括由复合面板构建的矩形盒布局、使用体量微米探测器进行气体放大、基于新型 ASIC 的电子读数以及光电子校准系统。本文描述了 TPC、微型模块、读出电子设备、气体处理系统的设计和构造，并展示了根据粒子束、宇宙射线和校准系统测量推导出的 TPC 性能。 (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The T2K experiment is designed to study neutrino oscillation properties by directing a high intensity neutrino beam produced at J-PARC in Tokai, Japan, towards the large Super-Kamiokande detector located 295 km away, in Kamioka, Japan. The experiment includes a sophisticated near detector complex, 280 m downstream of the neutrino production target in order to measure the properties of the neutrino beam and to better understand neutrino interactions at the energy scale below a few GeV. A key element of the near detectors is the ND280 tracker, consisting of two active scintillator-bar target systems surrounded by three large time projection chambers (TPCs) for charged particle tracking. The data collected with the tracker are used to study charged current neutrino interaction rates and kinematics prior to oscillation, in order to reduce uncertainties in the oscillation measurements by the far detector. The tracker is surrounded by the former UA1/NOMAD dipole magnet and the TPCs measure the charges, momenta, and particle types of charged particles passing through them. Novel features of the TPC design include its rectangular box layout constructed from composite panels, the use of bulk micromegas detectors for gas amplification, electronics readout based on a new ASIC, and a photoelectron calibration system. This paper describes the design and construction of the TPCs, the micromegas modules, the readout electronics, the gas handling system, and shows the performance of the TPCs as deduced from measurements with particle beams, cosmic rays, and the calibration system. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.